六、非谓语动词写作导练,写作要领,名师指导,即时演练,写作要领,众所周知,作文中出现过多的简单句会让人觉得单调乏味,句子与句子之间的关系显得松散;而文章中过多地出现复合句又显得累赘,读起来费劲。恰当地运用非谓语动词(过去分词、不定式、动词-ing形式)、独立主格结构或with复合结构对句式加以简化,使文句更加准确、得体、精炼、灵活,使语言更加丰富多彩。 1.用非谓语动词转换简单句,提升表达档次,写作时,我们可以利用非谓语动词对两个简单句进行转换,使其成为较高级的表达方式。转换时可采用三步法。 第一步:写出两个简单句。第二步:找准两个简单句的对接点,让一个句子作为主干,另一个句子用非谓语动词进行改写。第三步:判断应用何种非谓语动词,把握好时态和语态,最后连接起来。例如:,第一步:写出两个简单句。 I feel quite sorry for that. I begin to think about what to do to help. 第二步:让句作主句,用非谓语动词改写句。 第三步:句表示原因,其动词feel与主语I之间为主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作原因状语。 Feeling quite sorry for that,I begin to think about what to do to help.,常用转换的其他例子: (1)另一方面,我将帮着建立英语角,给学生提供一个练习英语口语的平台。,On the other hand,I will help set up the English corner.I will provide students with a platform to practice their oral English. On the other hand,I will help set up the English corner,providing students with a platform to practice their oral English.(动词-ing形式作状语),(2)昨天召开的会议很重要。,The meeting was held yesterday.It was of great importance. The meeting held yesterday was of great importance.(过去分词短语作后置定语),(3)我们应该多讲英语。我们认为这是很重要的。,We should speak more English.We think it is very important. We think it very important to speak more English.(it作形式宾语,不定式作真正宾语),2.用非谓语动词转换复合句,使语言简练,用非谓语动词转换复合句比转换简单句要容易一些,因为需转换的一般是从句部分,这时只需要判断用何种非谓语动词,再把握好时态和语态即可,所以只需两步。例如: 第一步:写出复合句。 After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months,we strongly desired to be the winner. 第二步:把after引导的时间状语从句转换为非谓语动词,practice与we之间为主谓关系,且表示完成,故用动词-ing形式的完成式作状语。 Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months,we strongly desired to be the winner. 转换的几个其他例子:,(1)惊诧于他们的熟练程度,我决心要像他们一样好。 Because I was amazed at how skillful they were,I determined to be as good as them. Amazed at how skillful they were,I determined to be as good as them. (2)看到一辆车朝她而来,我伸出手把她拉了回来。 When I saw a car running towards her,I reached my hand out and pulled her back. Seeing a car running towards her,I reached my hand out and pulled her back. (3)这里曾有一家大化肥厂。它每天释放出大量有毒气体,污染环境。 There was a large factory,which produced fertilizer.Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas,which polluted the environment. There was a large factory,which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas,polluting the environment. 简析:“原句”中分别由which引导两个定语从句,重复且单调,将第 二个定语从句转换为动词-ing形式作状语后,不仅表达多样,而且言 简意赅。,(4)由于老师的帮助,我的英语进步很大。因为我的英语进步很大,我确 信我能考上更好的大学。 Because my teacher helps me,my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved,Im sure I will go to a better university. With my teacher helping me,my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved,Im sure I will go to a better university. 简析:“原句”两处重复出现由because引导的从句,读起来很别扭。 换用“with+动词-ing形式的复合结构”后,句子读起来会更加得体、 精炼。 (5)因为天热,我们去游泳了。 As it was hot,we went swimming. It being hot,we went swimming. (6)如果天气允许的话,我会去那儿。 If weather permits,I will go there. Weather permitting,I will go there.,名师指导,在所有的高级语法中,阅卷老师几乎都喜欢看到非谓语动词短语,其实几乎所有的状语从句都可以变成非谓语动词短语或独立主格结构。如果你的作文中有状语从句,学会下面的口诀,就可以改成非谓语动词短语或独立主格结构这个最大的亮点:一去,二看,三改。一去:去连词;二看:看主语;三改:改分词。 例如:条件状语从句:If such is the case,you should apologize to her.按照这个口诀来改,第一步,去掉连词if;第二步,看前后两句话的主语,前后主语不一致,所以要改成独立主格结构;第三步,改分词,is变成分词是being,所以最后变成Such being the case,you should apologize to her.独立主格结构。如果前后两句话主语一致,就变成分词结构。例如:Entering the classroom,Ms.Li was surprised to find we were standing in line,clapping hands and saying loudly “Happy Teachers Day!”这个句子就包含了两个分词结构作伴随状语;再比如:Seeing them on the bus,I felt a kind of satisfaction.其他想表达状语从句的时候几乎都一样。所以想表达“由于,因为,如果”等都写成独立主格或分词结构会让阅卷老师多给几分。,即时演练,运用非谓语动词形式完成句子 1.As for the schools library,it should be modern and equipped with computers.It enables the students to have access to the Internet. As for the schools library,it should be modern and equipped with computers, . 2.My uncle is known for his expert advice.He is often asked to help others with their personal affairs. ,my uncle is often asked to help others with their personal affairs.,答案:1.enabling the students to have access to the Internet 2.Known for his expert advice,3.The boy came to school late again.This made the teacher very angry. made the teacher very angry. 4.Many students are burdened with study,so they are sparing no efforts to study,and it leaves no time to take exercise. ,many students are sparing no efforts to study, . 5.I saw an old granny.She lay on the ground.I went over to help her. , I went over to help her.,答案:3.The boys coming to school late again 4.Burdened with study;leaving no time to take exercise 5.Seeing an old granny lying on the ground,6.As soon as they saw a few people still in the burning house, they rushed into it to save them without hesitation. , they rushed into it to save them without hesitation. 7.We think it is necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign language and we also think that it is possible that they can master one. We think it is necessary that middle school stu