Lecturor: Dong Xiaoye Students: English majors of 07. 2 Time: The 2nd semester of 08-09 Venue: 416, No. 2 Building Reference Book: CCE 4,Lesson 1 Thinking as a Hobby,Quotations on Thinking,“What is the hardest task in the world? To think.” Ralph Waldo Emerson,The end of Quotations on Thinking.,Text Appreciation,Text Analysis 1. Theme 2. Structure 3. General Analysis 4. Further Questions on Appreciation II. Writing Devices 1. Metonymy 4. Hyperbole 2. Synecdoche 5. Simile 3. Irony 6. Metaphor III. Sentence Paraphrase,Contents,Text Analysis,Thinking is not just for professional thinkers like philosophers. It is something all educated people should enjoy doing, and it is considered one of the most precious qualities in young scholars for the healthy mental development.,The end of Theme.,Part 1 (Paras. 124 ) about: Part 2 (Paras. 2529) about: Part 3 (Paras. 3035) about:,Text Analysis,How the subject of thinking was first brought up to the author and his understanding of the nature of “grade-three thinking”,The authors analysis of the nature of “grade-two thinking”,The end of Structure.,The authors understanding of the “grade-one thinking” and his desire for it,Text Analysis,Scan the text and list out the related information.,To be continued on the next page.,Venus,Leopard,Rodins Thinker,naked with nothing but a bath towel; no arms; in an unfortunate position,crouching; naked,naked, muscular, who sat, looking down; his chin on his fist and elbow on his knee,frozen in panic, worrying about the towel,busying being beautiful,ready to spring down at the top drawer from the cupboard,utterly miserable; contemplate the hindquarters of the leopard in endless gloom,busy being natural,not miserable, an image of pure thought,Text Analysis,They represented the whole of life. The leopard stood for all animal needs or desires; Venus stood for love and the Thinker stood for thinking as a uniquely human feature. An humorous and sarcastic effect has been achieved by the authors description of the statuettes, which established a background to support his later analysis of three grades of thinking and some human natures.,To be continued on the next page.,Question: What do the three statuettes symbolize? What effect do the boys descriptions have?,Text Analysis,To be continued on the next page.,Question: How did the author describe the following figures to demonstrate his analyses of different grades of thinking?,Headmaster: nothing human in his eyes, no possibility of communication (not understand his students) Me, the boy: delinquent, not integrated, misunderstanding the symbolic meaning of the statuettes, couldnt think Mr. Houghton: ruined by alcohol, preaching high-moral life but showing hypocritical and prejudiced nature A pious lady: who hated German with the proposition of loving enemies,Text Analysis,To be continued on the next page.,Ruth: foolish argument, illogical and fled at last British Prime Minister: talking about the great benefit conferring on India by jailing Nehru and Gandhi American politicians: talking about peace and refusing to join the League of Nations Me, the author: not easily stampede, detect contradiction; turned into a professional thinker,Question: How did the author describe the following figures to demonstrate his analyses of different grades of thinking?,Text Analysis,Grade-three,Grade-two,Grade-one,characteristics,examples,Ignorance, hypocrisy, prejudice, self-satisfied, contradictions,Mr. Houghton, nine tens of people,Detecting contradictions; do not stampede easily; lag behind, a withdrawal, destroy but not create,Ruth, the author, (maybe) some acquaintances,To find out what is truth, based on a logical moral system,far and few between, only in books,thinking,The end of General Analysis.,1. What does the author mean when he say “ I dropped my hobby and turned professional”? 2. Why is the author much more conclusive and informative about grade-three and grade-two thinking than about grade-one? What do you think grade-one thinking is? Have you got any indication from the essay? 3. Give examples of Goldings wit. Does his sense of humor and the use of some writing devices help him achieve his purpose in this essay? Give some examples.,Text Analysis,The end of Text Analysis.,Writing Devices,In metonymy, an idea is evoked or named by means of term designating some associated notion. “It” stands for “thought” in grammar, but actually refers to Mr. Houghton, and it is vulgar to refer to a girl as a skirt.,It will lecture on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselessly twisted toward a skirt. (Para. 23),Mr. Houghton,More examples,To be continued on the next page.,girls,Writing Devices,The burglar was in Sallys mind all day long. (burglar=some idea of the burglar) Democracy favors the vote rather than the bullet. (Vote=election, bullet=military solutions) “Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.” (Mao Zedong refers it to