Unit 4Astronomy:the science of the starsA级:基础巩固.语境填词1.I have this (theoretical) that most people prefer being at work to being at home.答案:theory2.It is generally accepted that smoking is (harm) to our health.答案:harmful3.(fundament),there are two different approaches to the problem.答案:Fundamentally4.She held the baby (gentle).答案:gently5.Our problems have(multiply) since last year.答案:multiplied6.She is a very (religion) person who goes to church every Sunday.答案:religious7.This kind of plants has been in (exist) for millions of years.答案:existence8.Ive been (puzzle) over all the figures,trying to find what happened to the missing money.答案:puzzling9.We live in a (globe) village,but this doesnt mean that we all behave in the same way.答案:global10.Last night we had a discussion,which became more and more .Finally we reached an agreement that we will never use whatever happens.(violent)答案:violent;violence.单句改错1.Youll succeed on time because you are always working hard.答案:onin2.Do you know when the Marriage Law came into an existence?答案:去掉an3.If our parents do everything for us children,we wont learn to depend ourselves.答案:depend后加on4.We recognized the possibility and took steps to prevent it happened.答案:happenedhappening5.Most people would like to cheer up their favorite players.答案:uponB级:能力提升.阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。AThe Four Basic Personality TypesPersonality types are linked with structural differences in the brain,which could explain why one child grows up to be impulsive(冲动的)and outgoing while another becomes diligent and introspective(反省的).Structural differences between the brains of 85 people have been measured and linked with the four main categories of personality types,which were classified as “novelty seeking”,characterized by impulsive actions;“harm avoidance”,marked by pessimism and shyness;“reward dependence”,with an addictive personality;and “persistence”,who are people tending to be diligent,hard-working and perfectionists.The researchers said the brain differences are structural and can be measured in the size of specific regions of the brain that appear to be linked with each of the four personality types.For instance,people defined as novelty-seeking personalities had a structurally bigger area in the brain while people with harm-avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions.The fact that characteristics are reflected in specific structural differences is useful to know,for instance,when it comes to understanding a childs behavior and choosing the right approach so that somebody who is,for example,particularly timid,might be helped through education and development.There is no point shouting at a child who is very shy and telling them off,because it does not come naturally to them to put themselves forward.But actually knowing there is a biological basis for this helps educators or parents to use the right approach to help a child to compensate.People who have a reward-dependence personality could,for example,be helped at an early age because they are at risk of turning to drink,drugs or food if they do not get the family support and encouragement they need.“This study shows that personality characteristics are something you are born with,but their full expression can be adjusted during development with the right approach,”said Professor Venneri,who carried out the study with colleagues from the University of Parma in Italy and Washington University in St Louis.If you know its not something you do but something you are,you can change the environment to reduce the risk.Knowing that someone has such a character could help them adopt preventive strategies and avoid situations where they might seek rewards which could be potentially harmful.1.Which type of person may turn out to be drug-abusers?A.“Novelty seeking”.B.“Reward dependence”.C.“Harm avoidance”.D.“Persistence”.解析:细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的“People who have a reward-dependence personality could.”可知B项为正确答案,其余三项不符合文章事实,故排除。答案:B2.Which of the following is TRUE about shy people?A.They are often shouted at and scolded.B.They can naturally put themselves forward.C.They structurally have a smaller brain region.D.They are too timid to be educated and helped.解析:细节理解题。由第三段最后一句中的“.people with harm-avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions.”可知harm-avoidance personalities型人脑容量小。又根据第二段中的“.harm avoidance,marked by pessimism and shyness.”可知C项是正确的。A、B两项不符合事实,故排除。由倒数第四段中的“.helps educators or parents to use the right approach to help a child to compensate.”可知,此种性格的人也是可以教育和弥补的,因此D项是错误的。答案:C3.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.People have chances to change their personality types.B.Scientists have identified four different personality types.C.Structural differences in