Last Updated: February 2012 Chicago Citation Style UBC Okanagan Library What is Chicago Style? The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed) provides two distinct citation styles: Humanities style (notes and bibliography) and Scientific/Social Sciences styles (parenthetical author/date references and reference list). This handout covers only the Humanities style of Chicago. The manual is available in the library at: Z 253.U69 2010. General Rules When to Cite?: You need to cite all sources that you have consulted, even if you present the ideas from these sources in your own words. “Ethics, copyright laws, and courtesy to readers require authors to identify the sources of direct quotations and of any facts or opinions not generally known or easily checkedThe primary criterion of any source citation is sufficient information to lead readers directly to the sources consultedwhether these are published or unpublished, in printed or electronic form.” (14.1) Citation Appears in Two Places: Chicago requires that you cite sources consulted in the body of your paper (“in-text citations” or footnotes/endnotes) and in the bibliography. (14.2) If the bibliography includes all of the works cited in the notes, then the notes can be formatted in the short form, even for the first citation (14.14, 14.18). Note that discipline/professor preferences may vary and you should consult your professor with questions. Spacing: Double-space the body of the paper. Single space footnotes/endnotes and bibliographies, leaving a blank line between entries. Page Numbers: Every page of your paper must be assigned a page number, including blank pages, appendices, and bibliography. Use Arabic numerals centered or on the far right at the top of the page. Page Number Ranges: For all numbers less than 100, use all digits (Ex. 3-10; 71-71; 96-117). For 100 or multiples of 100, use all digits (Ex. 100-104; 1100-1113). For numbers 101-109/ 201-209, use the changed part of the number only (Ex. 101-8; 808-33). For numbers 110-199, 210-299, use two digits unless more are needed to include all changed parts (Ex. 321-28; 498-532; 11564-615). (9.60) Spelling: Chicago recommends Websters Third New International Dictionary (PE 1625.W36 1993) and the abridged Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary (PE 1628.M36 2003). (7.1) Italics: Titles of books and journals in the body of the paper should be written in italics. (14.94; 14.177) Capitalization: Capitalize all significant words of a title and subtitle regardless of how they appear in your source. Publisher Location: When more than one place of publication is listed, document the first one that appears on the title page. (14.135) Block Quotes: Chicago does not provide a specific word count guideline. Long quotes or entire paragraphs should be quoted in single-spaced, indented blocks of text. (13.20-13.22) Title page: include the title, author and date. Do not include page numbers or running head. Consult your professor regarding their preference for the inclusion of course number, professor name, and other details. In-text Citations: Footnotes a tab is 1 inch). In-text Example: Jones states “genocide is one of the most powerful words in the English language.”1 2 If the bibliography includes all of the works cited in the notes, then the notes can be formatted in the short form, even for the first citation. (14.14, 14.18) Instructions: In MS Word 2010, under the “References” tab, insert a footnote or endnote. MS Word will automatically make in-text citations into superscript and properly number footnotes/endnotes to correspond. In-text Citations: Shortened Citations (14.24-14.31 / p. 667-670) A. If the bibliography includes all of the works cited in the notes, then the notes can be formatted in the short form, even for the first citation. (14.14, 14.18) B. If you do not have a bibliography or if you have only a selected bibliography, then you must provide full details of the citation in the notes. (14.14) The first time you cite a resource, it must be cited in full with the following information: author/s, title, place of publication, name of publisher, and page number/s of the cited reference. Example: 1. Adam Jones, Crimes Against Humanity: A Beginners Guide (Oxford: Oneworld Publications, 2008), 156. Short form notes/ Subsequent notes may be shortened to include: authors last name, abbreviated title, and the appropriate page number/s (14.24-14.29). Example: 2. Jones, Crimes, 97. Ibid If you cite the exact same resource multiple times, one immediately after the other, you can replace the normal note format with Ibid (Ibid means: in the same place) and the page number/s. (14.29) Example: 3. Ibid., 121. Bibliography (14.56-14.67 / p. 684-692) *See Sample Bibliography at end of this guide. The bibliography appears at the end of your paper it is a list of all sources cited within your paper. If you have a bibliography, use the short form of the notes throughout