段首、段尾题的思考点(二)过渡句一、 段首题过渡句典例(2016全国卷片段).There are three main types of cryptography.37(E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.) For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.” 38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example.Lets number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.”.COnly people who know the keyword can read the message.GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.解析选G本空属于上下过渡句。上一段提到：有三种主要类型的密码学并介绍了第一种密码类型，本段介绍的是第二种类型，再根据空格后的内容可知，此处选G。由叙述顺序也可知道G项中的Another way是一种提示。增分技巧在某段第一句设空的内容也有可能为承上启下的句子，这就需要考生做到瞻前顾后，既熟悉上一段结尾的内容，又结合下一段的内容，分析所选的答案是否能够将两段内容连贯起来。二、 段尾题过渡句典例(2017全国卷片段)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, illcooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me. 36 The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer .BThings are going to be improved.DI was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.解析选D本题为段尾题。空格前一句说“他们与我没有共同之处”，空格后一段讲述了作者的一次野营，前后之间存在转折关系，所以此处需要填一个承上启下的转折句，这与D项中的however相呼应。增分技巧若段尾句与前文之间是转折关系，此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。铺阴影的题目为段首、段尾的过渡句AIn the late afternoon, 15yearold Saanya Hasan Ali can often be found in her comfortable family room. 1 She is cutting, drawing, gluing and folding, surrounded by a colorful chaos of paper, rubber stamps, buttons, and ribbons (丝带)“I just love arts and crafts (手工艺)，” says Saanya.During the past six years, Saanya has raised $26,000 through the sale of her cards to help children and families in need. “My mother received an email from the Pennies for Education and Health (PEH) organization.They were raising money for children in India to be able to go to school，” explains Saanya, who was nine years old at the time.Her mother, Salma, offered to donate $75 in Saanyas name. Saanya made cards to sell at a family wedding that summer.To her own surprise, she earned $600 enough to send eight children to school for the year.“I kept on making cards, and the following summer I was able to help support the kids for another year，” explains Saanya. 4 Saanya acknowledges that her project has helped her to see the world through different eyes.“Now that I am in high school, I would also like to inspire other kids to do their own projects. 5 Making cards is my small effort，” she says.“If everyone does their small part, it can grow into something beyond your expectations.”AI was in third grade then.BSaanyas unexpected success began in 2005.CBut Saanya decided to raise the money herself.DBut she isnt doing homework or in front of a computer screen.ENo matter who you are, there is always an opportunity to make a difference.FSaanya had established her own nonprofit organization called “Children Helping Children”GOne of her goals is to support the schooling of these eight children until they graduate from college.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。15岁的女孩Saanya Hasan Ali通过制作手工贺卡筹集资金，帮助那些贫困的孩子和家庭。1选D根据本空后面的“She is cutting, drawing, gluing and folding”可以锁定D项，代入后，“但她并不是做作业或坐在电脑前”符合语境。2选B联系上文中的“Saanya已经筹集了26,000美元”和本空后面的“Saanya的妈妈收到一封为印度孩子筹集学费的电子邮件并提出以Saanya的名义捐助75美元”可知，B项“Saanya意想不到的成功开始于2005年”符合语境，在文章中起承上启下的作用。3选C根据下一段中的“Saanya made cards to sell .she earned $600 enough to send eight children to school for the year.”可知，Saanya想靠自己的努力资助那些孩子，故C项“Saanya决定自己筹钱”符合语境。4选G根据本空前面的“for the year” “for another year”可以推知，Saanya接下来的目标是“资助这八个孩子直到大学毕业”，故G项符合语境。5选E根据本空后面的“If everyone does their small part, it can grow into something beyond your expectations.”可知E项符合语境。“无论你是谁，都有机会影响这个社会，而制作卡片就是我为之做出的努力。如果每个人都能尽自己的绵薄之力，那么它的影响将超乎你的意料。”B(2018武汉调研测试)These days when someone says a computer has a bug (小虫子) in it, usually they mean that theres a problem with one of its programs.Maybe your computer crashed when you were in the middle of a game.But back in the early days of computers, a woman named Grace Hopper was part of the team that discovered the very first computer bug. She had been invited to help program a new computer, the job of which was to quickly deal with the math problems ships used to find their way. 8 Then it translated the patterns of holes into the math problems it was supposed to solve.One afternoon in 1947 Hopper and her team were running a program.But the computer wasnt giving them the right results. 9 They finally ended up taking the computer apart, looking for problems.What did they find? It was a dead moth (飞蛾)! The moth was blocking some of the holes in the paper no wonder the computer didnt know what to do.Hopper knew th