U8,Additional lnformation for the Teachers Reference,Text The Business World as a Hunting Ground,Warm-up Activities,Further Reading,Speaking Skills,Additional Work,Warm-up Activities,Warm-up,1. How do you understand the title of the text?,2. What do you think is the most important thing in a womans life?,3. What kind of woman do you think a successful man usually marries?,Esther Vi1ar was born of German parents in 1935 in Buenos Aires and was educated at the University of Buenos Aires. After moving to Munich, she practiced as a physician and now works as a free-lance writer. This selection from The Manipulated Man has as its thesis that men from earliest childhood are manipulated by women, first by their mothers, then by their wives. Vi1ar claims that only women can break this vicious cycle of exploitation. But they will not break it, for they have no rational reason for doing so. Thus, the world will continue to sink into a barbaric, and feebleminded morass of femininity. Offices, factories, and universities are viewed as hunting grounds by predatory women looking for male “slaves”.,AIFTTR1,Additional lnformation for the Teachers Reference,1. Esther Vilar,AIFTTR2.1,2. The Second World War,It was a conflict that involved virtually every part of the world during the year 1939 - 1945. The principal belligerents were the Axis powers Germany, Italy, and Japan and the Allies France, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China. The war was in many respects a continuation, after an uneasy 20-year hiatus, of the disputes left unsettled by World War I. German bitterness over their defeat in World War I and the harsh terms of the Treaty of Versailles, together with the social unrest and political instability that beset the Weimar Republic, resulted in the coming to power of Adolf Hitler, leader of the,AIFTTR2.2,intensely nationalistic and anti-Semitic National Socialist (Nazi) Party. Given dictatorial powers in 1933, Hitler began the secret rearmament of Germany almost immediately. Playing on the reluctance of other European powers to actively oppose him, he ordered the military occupation of the Rhineland, in contravention of the Treaty of Versailles, in March 1936. Later that year Benito Mussolini, the fascist dictator of Italy, who had already embarked on aggression in Ethiopia, declared a Rome-Berlin Axis; the next year Italy joined the 1936 Anti-Comintern Pact between Germany and Japan. Germany and Italy both intervened, in the name of anticommunism, in the Spanish Civil War from 1936. In March 1938 Hitler sent German troops to occupy Austria, which was promptly incorporated into Germany.,AIFTTR2.3,By a combination of external and internal pressures he succeeded in annexing or neutralizing all of what had been Czechoslovakia by March 1939. In April 1939 Italy annexed Albania. On September, secure behind the new German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact that had stunned the world in August, Hitler began an invasion of Poland. Great Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. By the end of 1939 Germany and the Soviet Union had divided Poland between themselves, and the Soviets had occupied Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania and had attacked Finland, which they finally defeated in March 1940. For some months Germanys main activities were at sea, including an effective submarine campaign against merchant,AIFTTR2.4,shipping bound for Britain. In April 1940 Germany occupied several Norwegian ports and all of Denmark. On May 10 the major German offensive in the west began with a lightning weep through the Netherlands and Belgium into France; by June 22 three-fifths of France, including Paris, was occupied, and the rest had become a neutral state with its government at Vichy. During August-September the German Luftwaffe (Air Force) launched massive bombing raids on Great Britain in an attempt to soften it up for a cross-Channel invasion. The Battle of Britain was won by the Royal Air Force, however, and Hitler postponed the invasion indefinitely. Following Italys abortive invasion of Greece in November 1940, Hitler drew Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia into the Axis;,AIFTTR2.5,Bulgaria joined in March 1941. In April Germany attacked Yugoslavia and Greece, both of which were overrun by the end of the month. In June Hitler abandoned the Nonaggression Pact of 1939 and launched a massive surprise invasion of the Soviet Union. German armoured units drove deep into Soviet territory and at one point reached the outskirts of Moscow before Soviet counterattacks and winter weather slowed the offensive to a halt. Japan, the other Axis member, had meanwhile been tiring of its long, unproductive war in China and decided to take advantage of the situation in Europe to seize European colonial holdings in the Far East. To cripple what it foresaw would be its main opponent in a Pacific war of aggrandizement, Japan attacked United States installations at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, and,AIFTTR2.