Grammar,Grammar 1 Part 1,Recall the sentences from Reading and Vocabulary and then fill in the blanks. _ it was performed in America, there was an audience of 100,000 people. _ he was very young, Mozart had a lot of musical talent. _ he was still a teenager, he was a big star. _ he grew older, he began to go deaf.,When,When,While,As,Answers to Part 1: 1 2 and 3 4,Grammar 1 Part 2,First do Part 2 on your own, then check the answer with your partner. Answers to Part 2:,b d c a,Grammar 1 Part 3,Work in four. Make sentences similar to those in Part 2, using when, by the time, while, as.,Possible answers: While he was a child, he lived in the countryside. When he was young, he lived with his grandmother. When he lived in Hunan Province, he collected folk songs and music. While he lived in Hunan Province, he planted rice. When he attended Central Conservatory of Music, he heard western music for the first time.,(补充) About adverbial clause of time,引导Adverbial Clauses of Time的词语 when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soon as, every time, each time, the moment, by the time , immediately , the minute , the second.,when,试比较： When it was performed in America, there was an audience of 100,000 people. When I receive the letter, Ill tell you.,分析：when引导的从句表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作在主句之前发生。,动作同时发生,从句的动作在主句之前发生,while,观察： While they were doing homework, someone broke into the house. While he was still a teenager, he was a big star.,分析：while引导的从句表示“在过程中”，强调某一段时间内主句和从句的动作在同一时期发生。从句的动作表示较长时间，因此常用延续性动词。,Rewrite the sentences:,While he was walking in the street, he met Tim.,Walking in the street, he met Tom.,While walking in the street, he met Tim.,as,试观察： 1)As they were picking tea, the girls were singing happily. 2) She sang as she worked.,强调两个动作同时进行,两种情况一起发展变化,分析：as引导的从句表示“当时；一边一边”，主句和从句的动作同时发生，强调伴随。有时可译为“随着”。,其他：,It wont be long before he finishes his writing. After he (had) finished his work, he left there. It is (has been) two years since he came here. He will not go to bed until (till) his mother comes. It is not until his mother comes home that he will go to bed.(强调结构）,As soon as she got home, she began to cook. Every time/each time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back. There was an applause the moment (as soon as) she appeared on the stage. By the time he arrived, the train had already gone.,GRAMMAR 2,The past perfect tense,Grammar 2 Part 1,Recall the sentences from the listening passage about the Beatles. After they _(become) stars in their own country, the Beatles toured the United States. Before they visited India, they _ (record) had recorded seven albums.,had become,had recorded,Answers to Part 1: Becoming stars in their own country. Recording seven albums. The past perfect tense.,Grammar 2 Part 2,Discuss the questions in Part 2 in four. Then report your answers to all.,Answer to Part 2: 1. (a) means that their music had already changed by then. (b) means that it changed then. 2. (a) means that they had already sold more albums by then; (b)means that they sold more albums then. B. Yes. In (a), the event happened before that time; in (b), the event happened at that time.,Grammar 2 Part 3,Do it on your own. Then check the answer with your partner. Answers to Part 3:,joined, had played toured, had become recorded, had recorded had recorded, split up had split up, performed,Grammar 2 Part 4,Do it on your own. Then check the answer with your partner. Answers to Part 4:,arrived, had left arrived, had begun happened, had left made, had recorded,More about the past perfect tense,试观察： After they had become stars in their own country, the Beatles tour the United States. We hadnt seen each other since I left my hometown.,分析： 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生的或完成的动作。它表示“过去的过去”。 表示在过去某一时间之前已经开始并一直持续到那时的动作或状态。,Could you bring out time expressions or clauses often used in past perfect tense sentences?,分析：过去完成时常与by, for, before, since等介词短语或由after, before, since, when, by the time等引导的时间状语从句连用。,Practice: By the end of last year, we _. They _ when we arrived.,试比较： By the late 1960s, their music had changed completely. In the late 1960s, their music changed completely.,分析： 表示动作发生在“过去的过去”； 只表示动作发生在过去的某一点时间。,1.他说他以前见过你。,He said that he _ (see) you before.,had seen,2. 到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。,By six oclock they _(work) for eight hours.,had worked,By six oclock they _ (work)for eight hours.,When I came to GZ , he _(be) there for a long time.,1. 到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。,2. 我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。,had worked,had been,3.到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。,By the middle of last month we _(live) in Beijing for five years.,had lived,例如：1. 她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。,When she got home her children _(sleep).,had slept,2. 在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。,Before they arrived here the film _ already _ (start).,had,1. After he _ (finish) his work he went out.,had finished,2. The children ran away after the