,Financial Markets and Institutions 6th Edition,PowerPoint Slides for:,By Jeff Madura Prepared by Paul Wong Department of Finance, Shanghai Lixin University of Commerce,1,Role of Financial Markets and Institutions, 2003 South-Western/Thomson Learning,Chapter Objectives,Describe the types of financial markets Describe the role of financial institutions with financial markets Identify the types of financial institutions that facilitate transactions,Overview of Financial Markets,Financial markets provide for financial intermediation-financial savings (Surplus Units) to investment (Deficit Units) Financial markets provide payments system Financial markets provide means to manage risk,Financial Market: a market in which financial assets (securities) such as stocks and bonds can be purchased or sold,Broad Classifications of Financial Markets Money versus Capital Markets Primary versus Secondary Markets Organized versus Over-the-Counter Markets,Overview of Financial Markets,Primary vs. Secondary Markets,PRIMARY New Issue of Securities Exchange of Funds for Financial Claim Funds for Borrower; an IOU for Lender,SECONDARY Trading Previously Issued Securities No New Funds for Issuer Provides Liquidity for Seller,Money vs. Capital Markets,Money Short-Term, 1 Year High Quality Issuers Debt Only Primary Market Focus Liquidity Market-Low Returns,Capital Long-Term, 1Yr Range of Issuer Quality Debt and Equity Secondary Market Focus Financing Investment-Higher Returns,Organized vs. Over-the-Counter Markets,Organized Visible Marketplace Members Trade Securities Listed New York Stock Exchange,OTC Wired Network of Dealers No Central, Physical Location All Securities Traded off the Exchanges,Money Market Securities Debt securities Only Capital market securities Debt and equity securities Derivative Securities Financial contracts whose value is derived from the values of underlying assets Used for hedging (risk reduction) and speculation (risk seeking),Securities Traded in Financial Markets,Debt vs. Equity Securities,Debt Securities: Contractual obligations (IOU) of Debtor (borrower) to Creditor (lender) Investor receives interest Capital gain/loss when sold Maturity date,Debt vs. Equity Securities,Equity Securities: Claim with ownership rights and responsibilities Investor receives dividends if declared Capital gain/loss when sold No maturity dateneed market to sell,Valuation of Securities,Value a function of: Future cash flows When cash flows are received Risk of cash flows Present value of cash flows discounted at the market required rate of return Value determined by market demand/supply Value changes with new information,Investor Assessment of New Information,Exhibit 1.3,Security prices reflect available information New information is quickly included in security prices Investors balance liquidity, risk, and return needs,Financial Market Efficiency,Financial Market Regulation,To Promote Efficiency High level of competition Efficient payments mechanism Low cost risk management contracts,Why Government Regulation?,To Maintain Financial Market Stability Prevent market crashes Circuit breakers Federal Reserve discount window Prevent Inflation-Monetary policy Prevent Excessive Risk Taking by Financial Institutions,Financial Market Regulation,Why Government Regulation?,To Provide Consumer Protection Provide adequate disclosure Set rules for business conduct To Pursue Social Policies Transfer income and wealth Allocate saving to socially desirable areas Housing Student loans,Financial Market Regulation,Why Government Regulation?,Financial Market Globalization,Increased international funds flow Increased disclosure of information Reduced transaction costs Reduced foreign regulation on capital flows Increased privatization Results: Increased financial integration-capital flows to highest expected risk-adjusted return,Role of Financial Institutions in Financial Markets,Information processing Serve special needs of lenders (liabilities) and borrowers (assets) By denomination and term By risk and return Lower transaction cost Serve to resolve problems of market imperfection,Role of Financial Institutions in Financial Markets,Types of Depository Financial Institutions,Commercial Banks $5 Trillion Total Assets,Savings Institutions $1.3 Trillion Total Assets,Credit Unions $.5 Trillion Total Assets,Types of Nondepository Financial Institutions,Insurance companies Mutual funds Pension funds Securities companies Finance companies Security pools,Role of Nondepository Financial Institutions,Focused on capital market Longer-term, higher risk intermediation Less focus on liquidity Less regulation Greater focus on equity investments,Trends in Financial Institutions,Rapid growth of mutual funds and pension funds Increased consolidation of financial institutions via mergers Increased competition between financial Institutions Growth of financial conglomerates,Global Expansion by Financial Institutions,International expansion Internation