Chapter 21: Immunoprophylaxis and Immunotherapy,I. Immunoprophylaxis II. Immunotherapy,I. Immunoprophylaxis,Conception 1. The way of acquired specific immunization 2. The classification and characteristics of Artificial immunization 3. Biological product and their application,1. The way of acquired specific immunization,Natural immunization: heredity, non-specific Acquired immunization: acquired, specific Active immunization: natural, artificial Passive immunization: natural, artificial,Immunity can be acquired through active and passive immunization,I. Immunoprophylaxis,Conception 1. The way of acquired specific immunization 2. The classification and characteristics of Artificial immunization 3. Biological product and their application,2. The classification and characteristics of Artificial immunization,Artificial active immunization: Artificial passive immunization: Comparison:,Artificial active immunization Conception: Features: 1. The production of the effect: slow ( induction phase:1-4weeks ) 2. The persistent time of immunity: long (months-years) 3. The application: specific prophylaxis 4. The agents: Ag: vaccine, toxids,Artificial passive immunization Conception: Features: 1. The production of the effect: fast 2. The persistent time of immunity: short (2-3weeks) 3. The application: treatment and urgent prophylaxis 4. The agents: Ab: antitoxin antiserum human gammaglobulin synthetic peptides anti-idiotype antibodies,Artificial active Artificial passive immunization immunization,I. Immunoprophylaxis,Conception 1. The way of acquired specific immunization 2. The classification and characteristics of Artificial immunization 3. Biological product and their application,3. Biological product and their application,Biological product a. Vaccine: Live vaccine (attenuated vaccine) Killed vaccine Comparison*: b. Toxoid: TAT, DAT c. New vaccine: Live vaccine Chemical vaccine or subunit vaccine Compound vaccine Genetic engineering vaccine Anti-idiotype vaccine,死疫苗和活疫苗的比较,Recombinant vaccine,Anti-idiotype antibodies as vaccine,II. Immunotherapy,Conception 1. Immunopotentiator and indication 2. Immunosuppressant and indication 3. Immunomodulator and the use of them,1. Immunopotentiator and indication,a. Immunopotentiator: Chemical agents: levomisole, cimetidine,isoprinosine(ISO) Microbiological agents: BCG, vp Proteins of immune system: Ig,iRNA b. Indication: e.g. Tumor, Immunodeficiency, Infectional diseases,2. Immunosuppressant and indication,a. Immunosuppressant*: Chemical agents: Cyclophosphamide, Cy Azathioprine, Aza Hormone: steroids Microbiological agents: CyclosporineA(CsA), Tacrolimus, FK-506 b. Indication: Organ transplantation Hypersensitivity diseases Autoimmune diseases Infectious diseases,Immunosuppression with Drugs,inactivation,抑制免疫应答： Hypersensitivity Disease Autoimmunity Disease Graft rejection responses,Anti-B7Ab CTLA4 Ig Anti-CD28,阻断co-stimulatory signals,3.Immunomodulator and the use of them,a. Biological response modifier, BRM b.Classification and function of BRM,b.Classification and function of BRM,1. Immunoreconstitution: hemopoietic stem cell and thymus 2. Monoclonal antibodies (McAb) and targeted drug McAb: Anti-CD3, Anti-CD4, Anti-CD8 Targeted drug*: Immunotoxin, IT Immunoconjugate, Radioimmunoconjugate 3. Cytokines and actived immune cells Cytokines*: Ils, IFN, TNF, CSF, TGF and Small molecular polypeptides. Immune cells: LAK, TIL 4. Tumor vaccine 5. Gene therapy*: CK gene therapy,Cytokine therapy for tumors,Enhancing immune response： Tumor immunity treatment,TransfectionB7gene,