1 20192019 年山东菏泽市中考英语：动词及动词短语年山东菏泽市中考英语：动词及动词短语 考点一 常见易混动词辨析 1spend/pay/cost/take 表示“花费” spend 主语是人，指花费时间和金钱。spend. on.; spend. (in) doing sth. pay 主语是人，指花费金钱。pay. for.spend. on cost 主语是物或某种活动，指花费金钱或其他代价。sth. cost(s) (sb.) take 多用 it 作形式主语，指花费时间。It takes sb. . to do sth.Sb. spend(s) (in) doing sth. Mom never spends any money on herself.妈妈从来都不在自己身上花钱。 May I borrow 12 yuan from you? Ill pay it back next week.你能借给我 12 块钱吗？我下周还你。 It wont cost you a penny for the first six months.开始的六个月你不用花一分钱。 It took them three years to build this road.他们用三年时间修完了这条路。 2look/watch/see/read 表示“看” look 看(动作)；可单独成句；look at. watch 看(电视、比赛)；注视 see 看见(结果)；看望；理解(I see.) read 看(书、报)；读；读懂别人的内心 look 可以表示“看上去” ，是感官系动词，后接形容词。 看病(看医生)用 see a doctor 表示。 3speak/say/talk/tell 表示“说” speak 发言；说(某种语言) say 说(内容)；写有 talk 谈论；talk about sth.; talk to/with sb. tell 告诉；讲述；tell sb. (not) to do sth. 4.感官动词 look/taste/sound/feel/smell look 看起来(视觉) taste 尝起来(味觉) sound 听起来(听觉) feel 摸起来(触觉) 2 smell 闻起来(嗅觉) 5.borrow/lend/keep 表示“借” borrow 借用；borrow sth. from sb. lend 借给；lend sth. to sb. keep 借用若干时间；keep. for 2 days 6hope/wish/expect hope 希望；hope to to sth.; hopethat 从句 wish 但愿、希望；wish to do sth.; wish sb. to do sth.; wishthat 从句 expect 期待、期望； expect to do sth.; expect sb. to do sth. 7.forget/leave forget 表示“忘记”时，forget 通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用 leave 在表示“遗忘”时，通常要与表示地点的状语连用 8.hear/listen/sound hear 听见；hear名词(强调听的结果) listen 听；listen to名词(强调听的过程) sound 听起来； sound形容词(强调听的效果) 9.wear/put on/dress/be in wear “穿着；戴着” ，强调状态，wear 后可接穿戴的东西，包括眼镜、首饰等 put on “穿上；戴上” ，指“穿”的动作，反义词为“take off” dress “穿衣” ，是及物动词，后接人作宾语，意为“给某人穿衣服” ；dress onself“打扮；给自己 穿衣服” be in 表示状态，后接衣服，也可接表颜色的词 10.reach/get/arrive reach “到达” ，是及物动词(比 get 更正式)，其后可直接接地点名词作宾语(不能用介词) get “到达” ，不及物动词，之后通常接介词 to arrive “到达” ，不及物动词，之后通常接介词 at (一般用于较小的地方)或 in (一般用于较大的地 方) 1(2018山东菏泽单县常青学校模拟三)I meeting Jack today because I am still angry with him. 3 Come on, Mary. You are good friends. Aavoid Bexpect Cenjoy 2(2018广东普宁模拟改编)I dont know the restaurant, but its to be quite a good one. Asaid Btold Cspoken 3(2018广西贵港港南二模改编)How much money did he you yesterday? 500 yuan. I told him I would return it to him in three weeks. Agive Bborrow Clend 4.(2018甘肃定西中考改编)I cant find my English textbook. Is it possible that you it at home? Alost Bforgot Cleft 5(2018四川泸州中考改编)It about eight minutes for the light to travel from the sun to the earth. Acosts Bspends Ctakes 考点二 动词短语辨析 常考的动词短语辨析有三种：第一种是同一动词的不同搭配；第二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配；第 三种是完全不同的动词短语。 1同一动词的不同搭配 (1)look 短语 look after 照料；照顾 look at 看 look for 寻找；寻求 look forward to 盼望；期待 look out 注意；当心；向外看 look through 快速查看；浏览 look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看 look up to 钦佩；仰慕 (2)cut 短语 cut down 砍倒 cut off 切除 cut out 删除；删去 cut up 切碎 (3)run 短语 run after 追逐；追赶 run away 跑开 run out (of)用尽；耗尽 (4)turn 短语 4 turn down 调低 turn up 调高 turn. into 变成 turn on 接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开 turn off 关掉 turn left/right 向左/右转 (5)take 短语 take after(外貌或行为)像 take care of 照顾；处理 take down 拆除；往下拽；记录 take in 吸入；吞入(体内) take off 脱下；起飞 take place 发生；出现 take up (尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做 (6)get 短语 get dressed 穿上衣服 get into 陷入；参与 get lost 迷路 get off 下车 get on 上车 get on with 与相处 get up 起床；站起 (7)use 短语 be/get used to 习惯于 be used to do 被用来做 used to 曾经；过去 (8)give 短语 give away 赠送；捐赠 give out 分发；散发 give up 放弃 give in 屈服 give off 发出(光、气味等)；长出(枝、杈等) (9)call 短语 call (sb.) back(给某人)回电话 call in 召来；叫来 call up 打电话给(某人)；征召 (10)come 短语 come true 实现；成为现实 5 come up with 想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等) (11)bring 短语 bring back 恢复；使想起；归还 bring up 养育；抚养 bring out 使显现；使表现出 (12)fall 短语 fall asleep 进入梦乡；睡着 fall down 突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌 fall in love 爱上；喜欢上 fall over 绊倒 (13)go 短语 go along (the street) 沿着(这条街)走 go off (闹钟)发出响声 go out 外出(娱乐) (14)make 短语 make sure 确保；查明 make up 编造(故事、谎言等) make a decision 做决定 make fun of 取笑 make use of 利用 (15)put 短语 put on 增加(体重)；发胖 put off 推迟 put up 搭起；举起；张贴 put away 收拾(整理)好 put sth. to good use 好好利用某物 put out 熄灭 (16)set 短语 set out 出发；启程 set up 建起；建立 2同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配 (1)up 短语 cheer up(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来 clean up 打扫(或清除)干净 dress up 装扮；乔装打扮 end up 最终成为；最后处于 6 fix up 修理；装饰 grow up 长大；成熟 hurry up 赶快；急忙 pick up 捡起；接电话 show up 赶到；露面 stay up 熬夜 wake up 醒；叫醒 (2)out 短语 blow out 吹灭 check out 察看；观察 clear out 清理；丢掉 find out 查明；弄清 hand out 分发 hang out 闲逛；常去某处 lay out 摆开；布置 leave out 不包括；不提及；忽略 sell out 卖光 set out 出发；启程 work out 成功地发展；解决 (3)down 短语 die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 look down 瞧不起 let. down 使失望 lie down 躺下 pull. down 拆下；摧毁 write down 写下；记录下 (4)with 短语 agree with 同意；赞成 compare. with 比较；对比 connect. with.把和连接或联系起来 deal with 应付；处理 share with 分享 part with 放弃、交出(尤指不舍得的东西) 3完全不同的动词词组 ask for 请求；恳求(给予) 7 care for 照顾；非常喜欢 believe in 信任；信赖 care about 关心；在意 clean. off 把擦掉 depend on 依靠；信赖 divide. into 把分开 separate from 分开；分离 hear from 接到(某人的)信、电话等 throw away 扔掉；抛弃 drop by 顺便访问；随便进入 stick to 坚持；固守 pay attention to 注意；关注 pass by 路过；经过 pay for 付费；付出代价 prepare for.为做准备 pull together 齐心协力；通力合作 shut off 关闭；停止运转 take sb.s place 代替、替换某人的位置 think of 认为 1(2018山东菏泽单县常青学校模拟三)Its time for the weather report. Could I the TV, Dad? Go ahead, pleas