专题一 名词与冠词,高考英语 (天津市专用),考点一 名词及名词辨析 1.(2018天津夏,6)The that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. A.advice B.order C.possibility D.invitation,五年高考,答案 C 句意:在宇宙中的其他行星上可能存在生命,这一直鼓舞着科学家们探索外太空。 考查名词辨析。根据句意可知选possibility可能性。advice建议;order命令;invitation邀请。,2.(2018天津春,9)Can we stop the of the worlds deserts and save the land that man depends so much on? A.loss B.heat C.spread D.defence,答案 C 句意:我们能阻止世界荒漠的蔓延并且保护人类赖以生存的土地吗?考查名词辨 析。由句意可知此处意为“蔓延”,故选spread。loss损失,丢失;heat热,温度,高温;defence辩护, 防御。,3.(2018江苏,32)Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the youve made. A.assignment B.association C.acquisition D.assumption,答案 D 句意:努力去弄明白实际上正在发生的事,而不是根据自己的假设采取行动。考查 名词辨析。assumption 假定,假设;符合语境。assignment 任务;作业。association 协会;联合。 acquisition (知识、技能等的)获得;得到。,4.(2017天津春,7)The newspaper gave an accurate of what happened the night before last. A.example B.display C.signal D.account,答案 D 句意:报纸对前天晚上发生的事情进行了准确的报道。give an account of sth.对 进行描述,对进行报道。,5.(2016天津,10)The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight of rain later tonight. A.effect B.sense C.change D.chance,答案 D 句意:天气预报说今夜晚些时候天气将转阴,降雨的可能性不大。考查名词辨析。 chance可能性;effect效果;sense意识;change变化。,6.(2016浙江,4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affect your . A.condition B.income C.credit D.status,答案 C 句意:按时交电费很重要,因为晚交电费可能会影响你的信誉。考查名词辨析。 credit信用,信誉;condition条件,状况;income收入;status地位,身份。,7.(2016江苏,24)Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life? Living every day to the full, definitely. A.recipe B.record C.range D.receipt,答案 A 句意:你能告诉我们你幸福、长寿的诀窍吗?确切地说,就是充实地度过每 一天。考查名词辨析。recipe秘诀,诀窍;record记录;range范围;receipt收据。,8.(2015浙江,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce is to talk about feelings with someone you trust. A.production B.stress C.energy D.power,答案 B 句意:减轻压力最有效的方法之一就是与你信任的人谈谈感受。本题考查名词词 义辨析。A:产量,生产;B:压力;C:能源,精力;D:力量,权力。根据句意可知答案选B。,9.(2015江苏,32)Some schools will have to make in agreement with the national soccer re- form. A.judgments B.adjustments C.comments D.achievements,答案 B 句意:有些学校将不得不作出一些调整来和国家足球改革保持一致。本题考查名 词词义辨析。adjustment调整;judgment评判;comment评论;achievement成就。根据句意可知选 B项。,10.(2015江苏,35)Go and say sorry to your Mom,Dave. Id like to,but Im afraid she wont be happy with my . A.requests B.excuses C.apologies D.regrets,答案 C 句意:Dave,去向你妈妈道歉。我想去,但是恐怕她对我的道歉并不会感到 满意。本题考查名词词义辨析。request要求;excuse借口;apology道歉;regret后悔,遗憾。根据 句意可知选C。,11.(2015湖北,22)He gave himself a new name to hide his when he went to carry out the se- cret task. A.emotion B.talent C.identity D.treasure,答案 C 句意:在去执行秘密任务的时候,为隐藏自己的身份,他给自己取了一个新名字。考 查名词辨析。emotion情感;talent天才;identity身份;treasure珍宝,宝物。根据语境可知答案为C 项。,12.(2015安徽,30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some and then let me know. A.thought B.support C.protection D.authority,答案 A 句意:现在没有必要告诉我你的答案,思考一下然后再让我知道。本题考查名词辨 析。A:思考;B:支持;C:保护;D:权威。故选A项。,13.(2015福建,24)The failure was a big to him,but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. A.blow B.issue C.excuse D.factor,答案 A 句意:这次失败对他来说是个很大的打击,但他并未气馁,很快他就又像以前一样充 满了热情。本题考查名词辨析。A:打击;B:问题;C:借口;D:因素。故选A。,14.(2014天津,3)Wind is now the worlds fastest growing of power. A.source B.sense C.result D.root,答案 A 句意:风能是当今世界上增长最快的能源。本题考查名词辨析。A:来源,根源;B:感 官,意识;C:结果;D:根部。根据句意可知,本题答案为A。,15.(2014湖北,21)Her for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher educa- tion. A.talent B.motivation C.qualification D.technique,答案 B 句意:她写作的动机是渴望为妇女争取接受高等教育的权利。考查名词辨析。tal- ent天赋;motivation动机;qualification资格,限定条件;technique技术,技巧。B项符合句意。,16.(2014湖北,22)When Richard said,“You are much more agreeable and prettier now,”Joans face turned red at the unexpected . A.contribution B.compliment C.comparison D.command,答案 B 句意:当Richard说“你现在更讨人喜欢,更漂亮了”的时候,Joan的脸由于这意想不 到的称赞变红了。考查名词辨析。contribution贡献;compliment称赞,恭维;comparison比较,对 比;command命令,要求。B项符合句意。,17.(2014安徽,29)Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one? Thats a good . A.saying B.question C.suggestion D.account,答案 C 句意:如果你没有足够的钱买辆新车的话,为什么不先买辆二手车呢?那是 个不错的建议。考查名词辨析。A:格言,谚语;B:问题;C:建议;D:账户。根据句意可知选C。,18.(2014江苏,27)She was put under house arrest two years ago but remained a powerful in last years election. A.symbol B.portrait C.identity D.statue,答案 A 句意:两年前她被软禁,但是在去年的选举中她仍然是一位影响力强大的代表人 物。本题考查名词辨析。symbol:someone or something that represents a particular quality or idea(某一特性或思想的)代表,代表性的人(或物),符合语境。B:肖像;C:身份;D:雕像。,19.(2014浙江,6)We most prefer to say yes to the of someone we know and like. A.attempts B.requests C.doubts D.promises,答案 B 句意:我们大多数情况下更喜欢答应我们所认识并喜欢的人的请求。此题考查名 词辨析。根据句意可知选B,request请求。A:尝试;C:怀疑;D:承诺,均不符合句意。,20.(2014福建,26)Could you tell me the of making such tasty cakes? Well,I just follow the directions in the cookbook. A.feature B.plan C.cost D.trick,答案 D 句意:你能告诉我做这么好吃的蛋糕的诀窍吗?哦,我只不过是按照烹饪书 里的说明做的。本题考查名词辨析。feature特征;plan 计划;cost费用;trick诀窍。根据句意可 知答案为D项。,考点二 冠词 1.(2016浙江,2) prize for the winner of the compet