第四部分 句法篇从句与句式,语法专题,经典品味 洞察考向,专题精析 考点突破,内容索引,精选模拟 强化训练,经典品味 洞察考向,考查定语从句关系代词的用法。先行词为指物的mountain tops and dark waters，关系词在从句中作主语，因此答案为that/which。,考点一 定语从句 .语法填空考点聚焦 考向1 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings.(2015全国),典题 试做,that/which,答案,解析,根据句子结构可以判断，在这里应填关系词来引导一个定语从句，修饰表地点的先行词the market，故填关系副词where。,考向2 “介词whom/which”或关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 1.When harvest came around，he was already selling herbs，vegetables and cotton in the market people from the towns met regularly.(2015广东),答案,解析,where,此处是一个定语从句，缺少关系代词，因为先行词为other people，指的是人，而且与介词to连用，所以填whom。,2.Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk，but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed. (2011广东),答案,解析,whom,考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是表示时间的the mid-1980s，且从句中缺少状语，故填关系副词when。,考向3 关系代词或关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句 1.But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.(2016全国),答案,解析,when,考查定语从句的引导词。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语，故填who。,2.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，_ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.，influenced the development of chopsticks.(2016全国),答案,解析,who,由逗号可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子所表述的内容，故用which引导。,3.Of course whenever they turned to look at him，they had to look at Mary， made her feel like a star.(2012广东),答案,解析,which,句法错误。分析句子结构可知，dishes后跟的是定语从句，what不能引导定语从句，应用that/which引导。引导词在定语从句中作cooked的宾语，可以省略，因此也可以把what删除。,.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误) 考向1 限制性定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的误用 The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite.(2016四川),which/that,或The dishes what I cooked were Moms favorite.,答案,解析,考查定语从句。which可以引导非限制性定语从句，that不可。,考向2 非限制性定语从句中关系代词的误用 Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 oclock at night. (2013新课标全国),答案,解析,which,此处考查which引导的定语从句，which在从句中作主语，从句是主系表结构，句子成分齐全，for在此处多余，故应删除。,考向3 “介词关系代词”的错用、多余或遗漏 1.Third，we should find ways to reuse the water used in washing，especially bath water for which is quite a lot，and that will save much water.(2012大纲全国),答案,解析,考查非限制性定语从句中“代词of关系代词”，因关系词指人，并且作of的宾语，只能用whom，不能用who。,2.There，Katia will introduce me to some of her friends，one of who has been to China several times.I just cant wait.(2011重庆),答案,解析,whom,分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结构可知，这里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度。空格后为形容词，因此空格上应用副词，故填how。,考点二 名词性从句 .语法填空考点聚焦 考向1 宾语从句中的连接词 1.As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days. (2015全国),答案,解析,how,考查宾语从句中的连接词。“我”不知道/不明白 会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因，故用why引导。,2.I didnt understand this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.(2014广东),答案,解析,why,所填词引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作do的宾语，故填what。,3.The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered the boy would do.(2012广东),答案,解析,what,考向2 主语从句中的连接词(近几年未考) 考向3 表语从句中的连接词(近几年未考) 考向4 同位语从句中的连接词(近几年未考),考查宾语从句的连接词。由句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少地点状语。故用where引导。,.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误) 考向1 连接词的错用 1.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.(2016全国),答案,解析,where,句意为：他转过身发现父母不见了。由句意可知，宾语从句句意完整，所以应该用that引导从句或省略。,2.After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.(2015全国),that,或After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.,答案,解析,考查表语从句。improve既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词，故可以为“我需要提高的地方(where)”，也可以为“我需要提高的内容(what)”。,3.This is how I need to improve in the future.(2013大纲全国),答案,解析,what/where,考查表语从句中的连接词。what作say的宾语，指其他老师说话的内容。,4.“He has ruined his health.We are worried about him.”That is which other teachers say.(2013辽宁),答案,解析,what,考查宾语从句中的连接词。that后为陈述式的宾语从句，作notice的宾语，从句中不缺成分，因此when是多余的，应删除。,考向2 连接词的多余与其他 If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt，tell your teacher immediately.(2014四川),答案,解析,句意为：是时候再生一个孩子了，熊猫宝宝也到独立的时候了。It was time for.和it was also time for.之间是并列关系，故用and连接。,考点三 并列句和状语从句 .语法填空考点聚焦 考向1 并列句中的连词 1.It was time for her to have a new baby， it was also time for the young panda to be independent.(2016四川),答案,解析,and,a few days和a few months为选择关系，因此要用or连接。,2.But the river wasnt changed in a few days even a few months. (2014新课标全国),答案,解析,or,not.but.为固定结构，表示“不是而是”。,3.We were told that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week， _ for the week after.(2014广东),答案,解析,but,neither.nor既不也不，为固定搭配。,4.So Nick called to his son，“Go to the village and buy some salt，but pay a fair price for it：neither too much too little.”(2013广东),答案,解析,nor,as/when当时，随着。,考向2 状语从句中的连词 1.Over time， the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.(2016全国),答案,解析,as/when,根据语境可知，when(当时)和if(如果)用在此处都合适。句意为：当它哭的时候/如果它哭了，熊猫妈妈会来回摇晃它，轻轻拍打，给它安慰。,2.The mother(pan