19IV2Letsaddressthequestionofwhetherspeedreadingisevenadesirablegoal.Iamanavidfictionreader.Consciouslyorunconsciously,readersoffictionappreciatethebeautyingoodwriting.OccasionallyIwillreadapassageorsentenceovertobeimpressedbytheopeningsentencesofErnestHemingwaysTheOldManandtheSea,TheDark,andHerman.IfIwasadeterminedspeedreader,Iwouldneverhavethetimetoappreciatethesebeautifulpassages.AndIdneverhavethetimetosavorthedevelopmentofacharacterlikeRhettButler,theGreatGatsbyorCaptainAhab.Goodwritersmustbereadcarefullyandthoughtfullytobefullyappreciated.Tocarrythequestionoftheneedforrapidreadingabitfurther,letsconsiderthetechnicaloreducationalmaterialmostofusmustreadforourjobs.Ifyouworkinatechnicalfieldandmostbusinessandprofessionalpeopledoyoudbetterreadslowlyandcarefully.Almostallbusinessestodayaresubjecttofederalregulationstosomedegree.IfyoumustreadtheFederalRegister,theCodeofFederalRegulations,theOSHAHandbookorothertechnicalmaterialsrelateddirectlytoyourjob,Idurgeyoutotakeyourtime.Amisreadingcouldbecostlyordamagingtoyourfirm.Ontheotherhand,newspapers,newsmagazinesandotherpublicationsshouldbereadwithsomedegreeofspeed.Hereswhereageneralknowledgeofspeedreadingtechniquesmightbeuseful.Especiallysincethatisthemostcommontypeofreadingwedo.Anyonecanimprovetheirreadingefficiently.Todoso,youmustlearnsomebasictechniquesandthenconsciouslyapplythem.Perhapsanexpensivecoursewouldhelpyou,butaninexpensivepaperbackandconcentratedpracticemightprovideasmuchlong-termbenefit.Inanycase,youlosenothingbytryingtheself-helpapproach.Question:Technicalmaterialsshouldbereadcarefullybecause_.A.theyareusuallydifficulttounderstandB.theyarerelatedtofederalregulationsC.theyareanuncommontypeofreadingD.amisreadingmaydoharmtoyourwork:D_Iwantbadlyisanewsportscar.A.AllthatB.AllwhatC.AllwhichD.Thethingwhat:AFromthemomentthatananimalisbornithastomakedecisions.Ithastodecidewhichofthethingsarounditareforeating,andwhicharetobeavoided;whentoattackandwhentorunaway.Theanimalis,ineffect,playingacomplicatedandpotentiallyverydangerousgamewithitsenvironment,discomfortordestruction.Thisisadifficultandunpleasantbusinessandfewanimalswouldsurviveiftheyhadtostartfromthebeginningandlearnabouttheworldwhollybytrialanderror,fortherearetoomanypossibledecisionswhichwouldprovefatal.Sowefind,inpractice,thatthegameisalwaysarrangedinfavoroftheyounganimalinonewayoranother.Eithertheanimalisprotectedduringtheearlystagesofitslearningabouttheworldaroundit,ortheknowledgeofwhichwaytorespondisbuiltintoitsnervoussystemfromthestart.Thefactthatanimalsbehavesensiblycanbeattributedpartlytowhatwemightcallgeneticlearning,todistinguishitfromindividuallearningthatananimaldoesinthecauseofitsownlifetime.Geneticlearningislearningbyaspeciesasawhole,anditisachievedbyselectionofthosemembersofeachgenerationthathappentobehaveintherightway.However,geneticlearningdependsuponapredictionthatthefuturewillmoreorlessexactlyresemblethepast.Themorevariableindividualexperienceislikelytobe,thelessefficientisgeneticlearningasameansofgettingovertheproblemsofthesurvivalgame.Itisnotsurprisingtofindthatveryfewspeciesindeeddependwhollyupongeneticlearning.Inthegreatmajorityofanimals,behaviorisacompoundofindividualexperienceandgeneticlearningtobehaveinparticularways.Question:Thesurvivalgameisconsideredcomplicatedandpotentiallyverydangerousbecause_.A.decisionsmadebyanimalsmayprovefatalB.animalsareoftenindangerofbeingattackedC.animalsmakedecisionsentirelybytrialD.environmentisnotfitforanimalstosurvive:ALetsaddressthequestionofwhetherspeedreadingisevenadesirablegoal.Iamanavidfictionreader.Consciouslyorunconsciously,readersoffictionappreciatethebeautyingoodwriting.OccasionallyIwillreadapassageorsentenceovertobeimpressedbytheopeningsentencesofErnestHemingwaysTheOldManandtheSea,TheDark,andHerman.IfIwasadeterminedspeedreader,Iwouldneverhavethetimetoappreciatethesebeautifulpassages.AndIdneverhavethetimetosavorthedevelopmentofacharacterlikeRhettButler,theGreatGatsbyorCaptainAhab.Goodwritersmustbereadcarefullyandthoughtfullytobefullyappreciated.Tocarrythequestionoftheneedforrapidreadingabitfurther,letsconsiderthetechnicaloreducationalmaterialmostofusmustreadforourjobs.Ifyouworkinatechnicalfieldandmostbusinessandprofessionalpeopledoyoudbetterreadslowlyandcarefully.Almostallbusinessestodayaresubjecttofederalregulationstosomedegree.IfyoumustreadtheFederalRegister,theCodeofFederalRegulations,theOSHAHandbookorothertechnicalmaterialsrelateddirectlytoyourjob,Idurgeyoutotakeyourtime.Amisreadingcouldbecostlyordamagingtoyourfirm.Ontheotherhand,newspapers,newsmagazinesandotherpublicationsshouldbereadwithsomedegreeofspeed.Hereswhereageneralknowledgeofspeedreadingtechniquesmightbeuseful.Especiallysincethatisthemostcommontypeofreadingwedo.Anyonecanimprovetheirreadingefficiently.Todoso,youmustlearnsomebasictechniquesandthenconsciouslyapplythem.Perhapsanexpensivecoursewouldhelpyou,butaninexpens