The Respiratory System I,LI JING， Ph D Department of Anatomy jing.liion.ac.cn Sep. 15. 2009,Constituents: Respiratory tract Lungs,General Description,Function: Gas exchange,Pleura and plural cavity Mediastinum,Upper respiratory tract Nasal passage Pharynx Larynx,Respiratory tract,Lower respiratory tract Trachea Bronchi,1. External nose,Nasal passage,2. Nasal cavity nasal vestibule (鼻前庭） proper nasal cavity (固有鼻腔） nasal septum （鼻中隔） lateral wall of nasal cavity,3. Paranasal Sinuses frontal sinus （额窦） ethmoidal sinus （筛窦） sphenoidal sinus （蝶窦） maxillary sinus （上颌窦）,Back,1. External nose,鼻骨,额骨,上颌骨,鼻侧软骨,中隔软骨,鼻翼软骨,2. Nasal cavity,鼻后孔,鼻前庭,鼻中隔,Nasal limen 鼻阈,鼻咽,Lateral wall,Septum,固有鼻腔,固有鼻腔,The nasal septum （鼻中隔） The longitudinal plate of ethmoid bone The cartilage of nasal septum The vomer,筛骨垂直板,鼻中隔软骨,犁骨,2. Nasal cavity,Little region,2. Nasal cavity,Lateral wall Nasal conchae (鼻甲) Nasal meatus (鼻道) Sphenoethmoidal recess (蝶筛隐窝),蝶筛隐窝,上鼻甲,中鼻甲,下鼻甲,下鼻道,中鼻道,上鼻道,2. Nasal cavity,Lateral wall 1. Semilunar hiatus 半月裂孔 2. Ethmoidal infundibulum 筛漏斗 3. Ethmoidal bulla 筛泡 4. Nasolacrimal canal 鼻泪管,3. Paranasal Sinuses,frontal sinus （额窦） ethmoidal sinus （筛窦） sphenoidal sinus （蝶窦） maxillary sinus （上颌窦）,额窦,额窦,额窦,筛窦,蝶窦,上颌窦,上颌窦,筛窦,The openings of the paranasal sinuses,frontal,frontal,ethmodial,sphenoidal,maxillary,3. Paranasal Sinuses,The biological roles of the paranasal sinuses,Decreasing the relative weight of the front of the skull,Increasing resonance of the voice,Providing a buffer against blows to the face,Insulating sensitive structures like dental roots and eyes from rapid temperature fluctuations in the nasal cavity.,Humidifying and heating of inhaled air,Olfactory and respiratory region,Nasal mucous membrane: olfactory region respiratory region,Position: at the anterior part of the neck from 36 cervical vertebrae.,Functions: respiration and phonation,Larynx,Larynx,laryngeal Cartilages: thyroid cartilage (甲状软骨) cricoid cartilage （环状软骨） epiglottic cartilage （会厌软骨） arytenoid cartilage (paired) （杓状软骨）,Anterior view posterior view,Thyroid cartilage,inf. cornu 下角,lamina,anterior angle 前角,Laryngeal prominence 喉结,Laminae of thyroid cartilage 甲状软骨板,sup. cornu 上角,sup. thyroid notch 上切迹,Laryngeal Cartilages,舌骨大角,环状软骨,Anterior view posterior view,Arytenoid cartilages and cricoid cartilage,Cricoid arch,Cricoid lamina,Muscular process,Vocal process,Vocal process,杓状软骨,环状软骨,Laryngeal Cartilages,Epiglottic cartilage,Anterior view posterior view,会厌软骨,Laryngeal Cartilages,甲状会厌韧带,Roles of laryngeal Cartilages,Prevents entry of food and liquids into respiratory tract During swallowing: the larynx is elevated the epiglottis folds back over glottis,The framework of the larynx,5.环杓关节,1.甲状 舌骨膜,2,弹性圆锥,3.方形膜,4. 环甲关节,声韧带,前庭韧带,Laryngeal Articulation,1. thyrohyoid membrane 甲状舌骨膜:,2. conus elasticus 弹性圆锥: 上缘游离形成声韧带,3. quadrangular membrane 方形膜:下缘游离成前庭韧带,4. cricothyroid joint 环甲关节: 甲状软骨在冠状轴作前倾复位,5. cricoarytenoid joints环杓关节: 杓状软骨沿垂直轴向内,外侧旋转,2,环甲正中韧带,1. Posterior cricoarytenoid 环杓后肌 声门裂开大，声带紧张 2. Transverse arytenoid 杓横肌 3. Oblique arytenoid 杓斜肌 4. Lateral cricoarytenoid 环杓侧肌 缩小/关闭喉口 5. Cricothyroid 环甲肌 (外群喉肌) 1. Posterior cricoarytenoid 环杓后肌 拉长、紧张声带 6. Thyroarytenoid 甲杓肌 松弛、缩短声带,Laryngeal muscles,1,2,3,4,6,5,Laryngeal cavity,Aditus laryngis (喉口) 2 folds vestibular fold (前庭襞) vocal fold (声襞) 2 fissures vestibular fissure (前庭裂) fissure of glottis (声门裂) 3 parts laryngeal vestibule intermediate cavity of larynx infraglottic cavity,会厌,杓会厌襞,杓间切迹,前庭襞,声襞,喉前庭,声门下腔,喉中间腔,声带vocal cord：由声韧带、声带肌（甲杓肌）和喉粘膜构成,summary,喉口的围成、喉腔的分部和各部的形态结构,鼻腔的分部及各部的形态结构。,鼻旁窦的位置及开口部位。,喉的位置、喉软骨的名称,http:/v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMTA5OTg0MzE2.html,鼻中隔的构成。,Thank you,