1 2019 届高考英语二轮考点解析卷（八）届高考英语二轮考点解析卷（八） 1、 Kong Zi, also called Confucius(551 479 B.C. ), and Socrates(469399 B.C. ) lived only a hundred years apart. During their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies. Neither philosopher lived in times of peaces though there were more wars in Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek city-states were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical(激进的) than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rulers how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went on to government service. Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life. “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth,though some had more potential(潜能) than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart.Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom.He believed that some individuals had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的) classes. For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however,the family was the centre of society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations. Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes. 1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph? A.Socrates and Confucius had much in common. B.Confucius had much influence on Socrates ideas. C.The societies were influenced by the philosophers ideas. D.There were cultural exchanges between China and Greece. 2.Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that _. A.all men were equal when they were born 2 B.the lower classes should be ruled by the upper class C.the purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdom D.people should not ask others to do what they did not want to 3.What made some people different from others according to Confucius? A.Family. B.Potential. C.Knowledge. D.Community. 4.This passage is organized in the pattern of _. A.time and events B.comparison and contrast C.cause and effect D.definition and classification 2、 On a college camping trip, curiosity about waves and sand caused Rob Thieler to study shorelines around the world. Thirty years later and now a U.S. Geological Survey research geologist, Thieler, is combining science and smartphone technology to help study an endangered bird, the Atlantic. Coast piping plover. The piping plover is a shorebird that breeds(繁殖)along the Atlantic Coast, the Great Lakesand the Great Plains. Rising sea levels associated with climate change, as well as increased development in their beach habitats(栖息地), threaten the species(物种). To help track changes in piping plover habitats, Thieler developed a free app called iPlover in 2012. This is a marked change from the typical way scientists collect data, which involves gathering information using specialized equipment or writing in notebooks and then putting into spreadsheets. Since releasing iPlover, scientists have gathered data across 1500 km of breeding range. Thatequals about a third of the distance across the U.S., which is a large area to cover for only two thousand breeding pairs of piping plovers on the east coast. Instead of having to travel and spend days at each site, a number of cooperators in the field use the app to collect and send data, allowing scientists to gather data more efficiently. It also allows them to collect data at the same time during each breeding season, providing a better picture of changes that happen over longer periods of 3 time. And fast, centralized access means scientists can look at data quickly to get a real-time idea of where and how piping plovers are using their habitats. While iPlover is used by trained field staff, other apps like the U. S. Geological Surveys web-based “iCoastDid the Coast Change?” invite citizen scientists to identify coastal changes by comparing birds-eye-view photographs taken before and after storms. All the information scientists and citizen scientists alike collect helps federal and state agencies create policy plans for addressing climate change impacts (影响) worldwide. 1.What can we know about the piping plover? A.Its behaviour is changing. B.Its habitat is growing bigger. C.Its living environment is becoming worse. D.Its breeding is limited to the Atlantic Coast. 2.Why did Thieler develop iPlover? A.To study shorelines across America