八、词句猜测词义猜测题,专题三 第二节 分类突破,真题感悟,名师点津,内容索引,随堂限时练,真题感悟,(20176月天津，C) This month，Germanys transport minister，Alexander Dobrindt，proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the drivers role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost. The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles：the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.,Dobrindt wants three things：that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury；that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race；and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheelto check email，saythe cars maker is responsible if there is a crash. “The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving，” says Dobrindt.It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers，he says.,Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers，consumers and lawyers.“The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all，” says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds，UK. An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars，introduced earlier this year，insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment. But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars.“When you say driverless cars，people expect driverless cars，”Merat says.“You knowno driver.”,Because of the confusion，Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation. Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own，says Ryan Calo at Stanford University，California.That is happening in the UK and Singapore，where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched. That would go down poorly in the US，however.“The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here，” says Calo.,语篇解读,语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。它主要介绍了德国交通部部长提出的适用于自主驾驶车辆的规章，能消除人们对于无人驾驶车辆的司机角色定位的困惑，有利于自主驾驶汽车的推广。,46.What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A.A place where cars often break down. B.A case where passing a law is impossible. C.An area where no driving is permitted. D.A situation where drivers role is not clear.,解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“.the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.”可知，death valley指的就是半自主驾驶和完全无人驾驶汽车之间的灰色地带，即：对司机角色的定义不清楚。故选D项。,答案,解析,46,47,48,49,50,47.The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to . A.stop people from breaking traffic rules B.help promote fully automatic driving C.protect drivers of all ages and races D.prevent serious property damage,解析 推理判断题。第一段说Dobrindt提出第一套自主驾驶车辆的规章，将会定义自主驾驶车辆司机的角色，这个提议就是处理“death valley”这个问题的；第四段说交规的改变会准许全自动驾驶，而且会将完全无人驾驶汽车和有人驾驶汽车放到一个平等的法律地位上，由此推断，Dobrindt提出此建议的目的就是推广全自动驾驶。故选B项。,答案,解析,46,47,48,49,50,48.What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars? A.It should get the attention of insurance companies. B.It should be the main concern of law makers. C.It should not cause deadly traffic accidents. D.It should involve no human responsibility.,解析 细节理解题。根据第七段中的“When you say driverless cars，people expect driverless cars，” Merat says.“You knowno driver.”可知，人们认为的无人驾驶汽车，就是没有司机的汽车，当然也不该包括人的责任问题，故选D项。,答案,解析,46,47,48,49,50,49.Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in . A.Singapore B.the UK C.the US D.Germany,解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“That would go down poorly in the US，however.”可知，无人驾驶汽车作为公共交通方式在美国反响却很差，即：在美国，无人驾驶汽车在公共交通领域看不到光明的前景，因此选C项。,答案,解析,46,47,48,49,50,解析 标题归纳题。全文围绕自主驾驶车辆的司机的角色认定以及谁该负法律责任的问题展开了讨论，故选A项。,50.What could be the best title for the passage? A.Autonomous Driving：Whose Liability? B.Fully Automatic Cars：A New Breakthrough C.Autonomous Vehicles：Driver Removed! D.Driverless Cars：Root of Road Accidents,答案,解析,46,47,48,49,50,名师点津,一、题型解读 词义猜测题基本上是阅读每年必考的题型。词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，主要考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词和词组往往都超出考纲范围，但在文章阅读中起到一定的作用。由此看来，对于生词的理解是否准确，直接影响着阅读理解题得分的高低，对能否取得好的高考成绩有着举足轻重的作用。,词义猜测题的命题方式有： (1)What does the underlined word “.” probably mean? (2)The word “.” refers to/probably means . (3)The underlined word “.” could best be replaced by . (4)What do you think the expression “.” stands for? (5)By saying “.” we mean . “.” used in the passage can best be defined as . (6)Which of the following words can take the place of the word “.”？,二、解题技巧巧用线索猜词义 1.根据定义、释义或同位语进行猜测 有些文章，特别是科技说明文，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语下定义，通过阅读定义和解释部分，考生便可理解该词或短语的意思。有时，需要猜测的单词或短语后面会紧跟一个同位语，作为对前面的词或短语的解释说明。有时，文章会用冒号、破折号、括号等对某个词或短语加以解释说明。,例如：Taylors swift action helped her teammates calm down.One girl called 911.Two more ran to get the school nurse，who brought a defibrillator，an electronic device(器械) that can shock the heart back into work.Luck stayed with them：Pariss heartbeat returned. 分析：所猜测单词defibrillator后面出现了同位语