高考英语冲刺卷A【2016北京】The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking. 1 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring. 2 As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it. 3 No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years. 4 To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well. 5 For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, well continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.A. It all depends on your character.B. Those are the risks you should jump to take.C. Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.D. Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.E. This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.【答案】1-5 FCAEG【解析】本文为议论文，文章从科学上对追求冒险和刺激进行了解释。冒险行为与大脑的工作机制有关，当大脑的快乐中枢被激活时，人们就会采取冒险行为。1. 考查上下文串联。前一句提到了“weigh the risk and the reward”，F项“然而，并不是所有人都使用同样的考量标准来权衡风险和收益。”符含语境,故选F。2. 考查上下文串联。“ hunting, fighting or exploring”捕猎、战斗和探索等活动是生存的必要条件,C项中的“those”是对这些活动的指代,故选C。3. 考查上下文串联。根据“humans developed a range of character types.”可知，人们形成的不同类型的性格如今仍然存在，正是不同的性格类型才导致了我们对冒险行为采取不同的态度，故选A。4. 考查上下文串联。E项中的“when”与“your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years”中的“teenage years”对应，故选E。5. 考查上下文串联。根据“a part of the brain.while for the rest of us.”可知，本段讲的是冒险行为与大脑的关系，故选G。B【2015新课标全国I】Building Trust in a Relationship AgainTrust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences, 6 . Trust is a risk. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.Unfortunately, weve all been victims of betrayal. Whether weve been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore, 7. Its understandable, but if youre willing to build trust in a relationship again, we have some steps you can take to get you there.l 8. Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.l 9. If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives, well have our trust tested or violated.l You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. 10. Instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.A. Learn to really trust yourself.B. It is putting confidence in someone.C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.E. Theyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.G. Seeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.【答案】6-10 BEACG【解析】本文为议论文，文章主要讲述了人们一旦失去了信任，如何再次建立信任。 6. 根据前一句 “trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences”信任是我们从以往经历中获得的学习行为。选项B中的代指上文刚出现的“trust”。故选B。7. 根据前句“Sometimes people simply cant trust anymore”可知他们受到严重的伤害因此不能忍受背叛再次发生。可知选E。8. 根据后句“Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.”可知此段主要讲述要学会信任自己。可知选A。9. 根据后句“If youve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance.”可知此段主要讲述