时态构成基本用法一般现在时do/does,（连系动词is/am/are）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。He takes a walk after supper every day.他每天晚饭后散步。We always care for each other and help each other.我们总是相互关心相互帮助。一般过去时did,（连系动词was/were）过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或存在的状态；He lived in Beijing when he was young.他年轻时生活在北京。表达过去发生的动作。We visited the factory last Friday.上周五我们参观了那家工厂。一般将来时will/shall dois/am/are going to dois/am/are(about)to do表示将来的动作和存在的状态；The first time well send you with an experienced reporter.第一次我们要派有经验的记者陪同你一起去。表示一种倾向或习惯性动作。Oil will float on water.油会浮在水上面。Crops will die without water.没有水庄稼会死亡。现在进行时is/am/are doing表示现在正在进行的动作；It is raining heavily now, so we must stay inside.现在正下着大雨，因此我们必须呆在家里。表示按计划安排即将发生的动作；My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.长江水滚滚向东流。过去进行时was/were doing表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示）；He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.昨天一整天他都在准备他的演讲。表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行；They were still working when I left.我离开的时候，他们仍然在工作。用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生；I was writing while he was watching TV. 我在写东西而他在看电视。表示过去将来动作。He said she was arriving the next day.他说他将在第二天到达。将来进行时will be doing表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语；When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report.他明天来我家的时候，我将正在写报告。表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会延续到将来；I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning.我想她做这个实验将会一直做到明天早上。表示预定的将来动作或对将来的预测。Stop the child or he will be falling over.拦住那孩子，不然他会摔下去的。现在完成时has/have done表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，或说话时已完成I have finished the report. 我已经完成了这个报告。She has cleaned the room.她已经打扫干净了这个房间。过去完成时had done表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。He had shut the door before the dog came up.在那狗走过来之前，他已将门关上了。Everything had been all right up till this morning.直到今天上午为止，一切都正常。将来完成时will/shall have done用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短语，when, before引起的时间状语连用。We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.到这学期结束时为止，我们将会完成高中第二册书。现在完成进行时has/have been doing表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在或还要继续下去的动作He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.自8点钟，他一直在做这些数学题。过去完成进行时had been doing表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到过去另一时刻或还要继续下去）的动作She told me that she had been studying French for 5 years.她告诉我她己经学习法语5年了。（仍继续）She told me that she had been waiting for me for an hour.她告诉我她己经等我一个钟头了。（不再继续）过去将来时would/should dowas/were going to dowas/were(about)to do相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。I was told that he was going to return home.有人告诉我他准备回家。would do(表示过去的习惯)总是，总会，常常He would sit silent for hours.他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。一般现在时的特殊用法用 法例 句客观事实或真理The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。按时间表的将来行为The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m.飞机上午10点起飞。时间、条件及让步状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来Ill go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow, I wont go there.以here, there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。一般将来时几种特殊表达形式的区别形 式用 法例 句be going to表示打算做某事或有迹象表明即将发生某事I am going to visit my friend in hospital.我将去看望住在医院的朋友。It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来好象要下雨了。be about to表示即时的将来。一般不与时间状语连用Now ladies and gentleman, youre about to hear the most incredible tale.女士们，先生们，你们马上就要听到一个难以置信的故事。be to可用来表示计划、安排（通常是正式的安排）；指令；（表示可能）会做，可能；必定会发生或已发生了某事；发布命令或告之规则Were to meet at the school gate at noon.中午我们在学校门口见。Their daughter is to get married soon.他们的女儿可能不久就要结婚了。All the students are to be in the classroom before 6:10.所有的学生必须在6：10前到教室。be doing可表示计划或准备要做某事。用于此结构的常用的动词有：leave, go, come, stay,do, take, haveThe Talent Show is coming in two weeks time.才艺展示还有两个星期就要到了。现在完成时的特殊用法表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for.”,“since.”表述的一段时间状语连用。He has learned English for six years.他学英语已经六年了。They have worked here since they left college.他们大学毕业以后就在这里工作。表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”。Where is Li Hua?李华在哪里？He has gone to the reading-room.他去阅览室了。She knows a lot about Shanghai.关于上海，她懂很多。She has been there.她去过那里。短暂动词（即瞬间动词），join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,breakout等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。要翻译“他已参军已经三年了”。不能说：He has joined the army for three years.而要用以下三种方法：“ago法”：He joined the army three years ago.“延续法”：He has been in the army for three years.“since法”：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.过去完成时的特殊用法表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.十岁的时候，他已经学了500个英语单词了。He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.我们知道的时候，他已经病了一个星期了。常用hope, expect, think, intend, want,suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。We had expected that you would be able to win the match.我们本期望你能赢得这场比赛的。项 目区 别例 句一般过去时与现在完成时的比较现在完成时强调过去动作对现在产生的影响或造成的结果We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do yo