2008年考研英语真题及解析 2008 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D onANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare notspeak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who worksindependently3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4thought to have a bacterialcause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.5he, however, might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he ispublishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explainsthe process that has brought this about. The group in 8are a particularpeople originated from central Europe. Theprocess is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to theintellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renownedscientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such asbreast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects,such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochransuggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . His argument is that the unusual history of thesepeople has19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.123456789111111.A selected.A unique.A ofB preparedB particularB withC obligedC specialC inD pleasedD rareD againstD lately.A subsequently B presentlyC previouslyC Even.A OnlyB SoD HenceD risk.A thought.A advises.A progress.A attaining0.A normalB sightC costB suggestsB factC protestsC needD objectsD questionD calculatingD totalB scoringB commonC reachingC mean1.A unconsciouslyB disproportionatelyC indefinitelyD unaccountably2.A missions3.A affirmB fortunesB witnessB thereforeB got overC interestsC observeC howeverC carried onD careersD approveD meanwhileD put down4.A moreover5.A given up1 1 / 39 111126.A assessingB supervisingC administering D valuingC consequence D instrument7.A development B origin8.A linkedB integratedB subjectedC wovenD combinedD directed9.A limited0.A paradoxicalC convertedB incompatible C inevitableD continuousSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark youranswers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least oneundesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders inresponse to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New Yorks VeteransAdministration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causingfemales under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. Inseveral of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed,their chemical responsesbecame equal to those of the males.Adding to a womans increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “Its notnecessarily that women dont cope as well. Its just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda.“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens,” she observes, “its just that theyre dealingwith so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposedto tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men areexposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposedto tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to beone-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was