2019/5/22,1,English for Electrical Information,Translation techniques English-Chinese Chinese-English,电气信息类科技英语,2019/5/22,2,Unit 3 Translation of Scientific and Technological Terminology,1 Features of Scientific and Technological Terminology Common words, Semi-technical words, Terminology Semi-technical words: Power Mathematics :幂、乘方,the second power of three; Physics: 功率,power factor; Electrical engineering : 电力,power plant; Statistics: 功效. Optics: 放大率, the power of the microscope,电气信息类科技英语,2019/5/22,3,电气信息类科技英语,Transmission Electrical engineering: 输送,power transmission; Communication: 发射, signal transmission; Mechanics: 传动, mechanical transmission; Medical science: 遗传, gene transmission.,Terminology: amplifier, diode, armature, maglev, tweeter, bandwidth,2019/5/22,4,电气信息类科技英语,(1) Compound words: a word composed of two or more old words. Compound nones:barcode, toothpick, acidcloud, airtunnel , pocketoffice, solarpond; Compound ajectives: full-enclosed, nuclear-weapon-free, on-and-off-the-road; Compound verbs: to mass-produce, to window-dress, to hand-carry.,2019/5/22,5,(2) Derivatives(派生词): a root plus prefix or suffix,词根加前缀的词汇: microreader (缩微阅读器)， microminiaturize (使微小化)，antinuclear (反对使用核能的)， extragalactic (银河系外的)，electrochemical (电化学的)，macroeconomics(宏观经济学)， pseudoecience (伪科学)，polygon(多边形)， hydrotherapy (水疗法)， multimeter(万用表)； 词根加后缀的词汇有： horsemanship (骑术)， floriculturist(花卉栽培家)，abbreviation (缩写)。,电气信息类科技英语,2019/5/22,6,(3) Blend (混成词): A word produced by combining parts of other words, as smog from smoke and fog. camcorder=camera + recorder(摄像机or video camera)； comsat = communication + satellite(通讯卫星)； videophone =video + telephone(电视电话)； bit= binary +digit (二进位数字)； meld = melt +weld (熔焊)； digicams =digital cameras (数字照相机)； greentech = green technology (绿色技术)； informics = information + economics (信息经济)； electrochemical=electric +chemical (电化学)； programmatic=program+automatic(能自动编程的)。,电气信息类科技英语,2019/5/22,7,(4) Acronym: A word formed from the initial letters of a name, such as WAC for Womens Army Corps, or by combining initial letters or parts of a series of words, such as radar for radio detecting and ranging. 裁减式缩略词： maths (mathematics)数学，lab (laboratory)实验室，ft (foot/feet)英尺，cpd (compound)化合物，chute=parachute(降落伞)，drome=aerodrome(飞机场)；,电气信息类科技英语,2019/5/22,8,用首字母组成的缩略词： FM(frequency modulation)调频，P.S.I. (pounds per square inch)磅/英寸，SCR(silicon controlled rectifier )可控硅整流器，CD(compact disk)激光唱盘， CAD(computer assisted design)计算机辅助设计，IT(information technology)信息技术，MTV(music television)音乐电视广播，PVC(polyvinyl chloride)聚氯乙稀，ATM(automated teller machine)自动出纳机，AC(alternating current)交流，DC(direct current)直流，CPU(central processor unit)中央处理器单元，MODEM(modulation & demodulator)调制解调器。,电气信息类科技英语,2019/5/22,9,2. Methods of Scientific and Technological Terminology Translation,1.Free translation(意译) A. Compound word feedback, skylab，guided missile, breakdown, friction factor，overcharge, waterproof, moonwalk，walkie-talkie B. Polysemy bug, computer,monitor C. Derivative: thermocouple, voltmeter, thermometer，monophase astrionics,电气信息类科技英语,2019/5/22,10,A. Words denoting the units of measurement. Hertz赫兹(频率单位),bit比特(度量信息的单位，二进制位) , Ohm, lux勒克司(照明单位), joule焦耳(功或能的单位),calorie(热量单位） B. Words for some newly invented materials or products, esp. in the early days. nylon,sonar,vaseline 有些音译词经过一段时间后又被意译词所取代，或者同时使用。 例如：combine康拜因联合收割机 laser莱塞激光 vitamin维他命维生素 penicillin盘尼西林青霉素,电气信息类科技英语,2.Transliteration(音译),2019/5/22,11,A. Choose the characters in translation that can denote the shape of the original object and /or English letter T square丁字尺 I-column工字柱 U-bend马蹄弯头 V-slot三角形槽 Ycurve（叉形曲线） B.Keep the letter not translated, but add a character “形”which is more popular in translation A-bedplate A形底座 D-valve C-network M-wing C.Keep the letter not translated, use the letter to stand for a concept X ray X射线 L-electron L层电子,3.Morphotranslation(形译),电气信息类科技英语,2019/5/22,12,4.Combination of free translation with transliteration,A.microampere, megavolt, decibel, kilowatt B. radar-man, motor-cycle, valve -guide C. Ohms law欧姆定律 Curie point居里点Morse code莫尔斯电码 Monel metal蒙乃尔合金 Babbit metal巴氏合金,2019/5/22,13,5.Literal translation(直译) B-52 E bomber B-52 E轰炸机 Kubota Mobile Crane Model KM-150 库宝塔KM-150型流动式起重机,2019/5/22,14,1.Abiding by the principle“established by usage”； 2.Free translation should be applied as far as possible； dustoff 战地救护直升机 3.The translation of technical words must be absolutely consistent in the same article or book; nylon尼龙/耐纶/酰胺纤维 4. Select a dictionary with latest version as the reference.,电气信息类科技英语,3 Key Points for Terminology Translation,