2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）听力同第二套Part IIISection AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Travel websites have been around since the 1990s, when Expedia, Travelocity, and other holiday booking sites were launched, allowing travelers to compare flight and hotel prices with the click of a mouse. With information no longer 36_ by travel agents or hidden in business networks, the travel industry was revolutionized, as greater transparency helped 37_ prices.Today, the industry is going through a new revolutionthis time transforming service quality. Online rating platforms38_ in hotels, restaurants, apartments, and taxisallow travelers to exchange reviews and experiences for all to see.Hospitality businesses are now ranked, analyzed, and compared not by industry 39_, but by the very people for whom the service is intendedthe customer. This has 40_ a new relationship between buyer and seller. Customers have always voted with their feet; they can now explain their decision to anyone who is interested. As a result, businesses are much more 41_, often in very specific ways, which creates powerful 42_ to improve service.Although some readers might not care for gossipy reports of unfriendly bellboys（行李员）in Berlin or malfunctioning hotel hairdryers in Houston, the true power of online reviews lies not just in the individual stories, but in the websites 43_ to aggregate a large volume of ratings.The impact cannot be 44_. Businesses that attract top ratings can enjoy rapid growth, as new customers are attracted by good reviews and 45_ provide yet more positive feedback. So great is the influence of online ratings that many companies now hire digital reputation managers to ensure a favorable online identity.A) accountableB) capacityC) controlledD) entailE) forgedF) incentivesG) occasionallyH) overstatedI) persistingJ) pessimisticK) professionalsL) slashM) specializingN) spectatorsO) subsequentlySection BPlastic SurgeryA better credit card is the solution to ever larger hack attacksA A thin magnetic stripe (magstripe) is all that stands between your credit-card information and the bad guys. And theyve been working hard to break in. Thats why 2014 is shaping up as a major showdown: banks, law enforcement and technology companies are all trying to stop a network of hackers who are succeeding in stealing account numbers, names, email addresses and other crucial data used in identity theft. More than 100 million accounts at Target, Neiman Marcus and Michaels stores were affected in some way during the most recent attacks, starting last November.B Swipe（刷卡）is the operative word: cards are increasingly vulnerable to attacks when you make purchases in a store. In several recent incidents, hackers have been able to obtain massive information of credit-, debit-（借记）or prepaid-card numbers using malware, i.e. malicious software, inserted secretly into the retailers point-of-sale systemthe checkout registers. Hackers then sold the data to a second group of criminals operating in shadowy comers of the web. Not long after, the stolen data was showing up on fake cards and being used for online purchases.C The solution could cost as little as $2 extra for every piece of plastic issued. The fix is a security technology used heavily outside the U.S. While American credit cards use the 40-year-old magstripe technology to process transactions, much of the rest of the world uses smarter cards with a technology called EMV (short for Europay, MasterCard, Visa) that employs a chip embedded in the card plus a customer PIN (personal identification number) to authenticate（验证）every transaction on the spot. If a purchaser fails to punch in the correct PIN at the checkout, the transaction gets rejected. (Online purchases can be made by setting up a separate transaction code.)D Why havent big banks adopted the more secure technology? When it comes to mailing out new credit cards, its all about relative costs, says David Robertson, who runs the Nihon Report, an industry newsletter: The cost of the card, putting the sticker on it, coding the account number and expiration date, embossing（凸印）it, the small envelopall put together, you are in the dollar range. A chip-and-PIN card currently costs closer to $3, says Robertson, because of the price of chips. (Once large issuers convert together, the chip costs should drop.)E Multiply $3 by the more than 5 billion magstripe credit and prepaid cards in circulation in the U.S. Then consider that theres an estimated $12.4 billion in card fraud on a global basis says Robertson. With 44% of that in the U.S., American credit-card fraud amounts to about $5.5 billion annually. Card issuers have so far calculated that absorbing the liability for even big hacks like the Target one is still cheaper than replacing all that plastic.F That leaves American retailers pretty much alone the world