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“I have a dream”修辞手法分析一 Phonetic figures of speech1. Alliteration(押头韵)Dignityanddiscipline; greattrialsandtribulations. 押头韵法在演讲中的使用增强了语言的节奏感和音律美,使演讲极富表现力,吸引观众的注意力。二 Syntactic figures of speech 1. Repetition(反复)I have a dream; we refuse to believe that; we have also come to; one hundred years later; we can never be satisfied; now is the time; free at last.以上句子的反复使用使演讲突出思想,分清层次,节奏感加强,给人留下深刻的印象。 2. Parallelism(排比)LetfreedomringfromtheprodigioushilltopsofNewHampshire!LetfreedomringfromthemightymountainsofNewYork!LetfreedomringfromtheheighteningAllegheniesofPennsylvania!LetfreedomringfromthesnowcappedRockiesofColorado!LetfreedomringfromthecurvaceouspeaksofCalifornia!Withthisfaith,wewillbeabletohewoutofthemountainofdespairastoneofhope.Withthisfaithwewillbeabletotransformthejanglingdiscordsofournationintoabeau-tifulsymphonyofbrotherhood.Withthisfaithwewillbeabletoworktogether,topraytogether,tostruggletogether,togotojailtogether,tostandupforfreedomtogether,knowingthatwewillbefreeoneday.排比句在马丁路德金讲演中的使用使语言层次分明,结构整齐,节奏鲜明,增强了语言的音律感,使语言读起来朗朗上口,铿锵有力,同时让演讲气势恢宏,调动了底下观众的情感,突出了演讲的内容,极具感染力。 3. Antithesis(对照)Nowisthetimetorisefromthedarkanddesolatevalleyofsegregationtothesunlitpathofracialjustice.Nowisthetimetoliftournationfromthequicksandsofracialinjusticetothesolidrockofbrotherhood.以上对照的使用使语言结构整齐,语义对称,色彩鲜明,富有表现力。三Semantic figures of speech1.Simile(明喻) ThismomentousdecreecameasagreatbeaconlightofhopetomillionsofNegroslaveswhohadbeensearedintheflamesofwitheringinjustice.Itcameasajoyousdaybreaktoendthelongnightofcaptivity.wewillnotbesatisfieduntiljusticerollsdownlikewatersandrighteousnesslikeamightystream.以上两处运用了明喻,有明显的比喻词“Like”和 “As”, 将法令比喻为希望灯塔的光芒和欢乐的破晓,再把正义比喻为流水和喷泉,比喻贴切形象生动,化抽象为具体,增强了语言的画面感。2.Metaphor(暗喻)Onehundredyearslater,thelifeoftheNegroisstillsadlycrippledbythemanaclesofsegregationandthechainsofdiscrimination.Onehundredyearslater,theNegrolivesonalonelyislandofpovertyinthemidstofavastoceanofmaterialprosperity.ItisobvioustodaythatAmericahasdefaultedonthispromissorynoteinsofarashercitizensofcolorareconcerned.Insteadofhonoringthissacredobligation,AmericahasgiventheNegropeopleabadcheck;acheckwhichhascomebackmarked“insufficientfunds”.Butwerefusetobelievethatthebankofjusticeisbankrupt.Werefusetobelievethatthereareinsufficientfundsinthegreatvaultsofopportunityofthisnation.以上段落运用了暗喻的修辞手法,马丁路德金将种族隔离和歧视比喻为枷锁,将物质繁荣比喻为海洋,黑人的贫穷比喻为孤岛,还把美国宪法规定的黑人的权利比喻为空头支票。这些暗喻的大量使用使语言非常生动,形象的说明了美国黑人斗争的现状,化抽象为具体,使听者易懂,同时让演讲极具表现力。四Logical figures of speech1.Euphemism(委婉语)Itcameasajoyousdaybreaktoendthelongnightofcaptivity.ThosewhohopethattheNegroneededtoblowoffsteamandwillnowbecontentwillhavearudeawakeningifthenationreturnstobusinessasusual.委婉语的使用使语言非常礼貌,避免了语言使用不当可能造成的冒犯和不愉快,使双方都能接受。2.Paradox(悖论) Onehundredyearslater;theNegroisstilllanguishedinthecornersofAmericansocietyandfindshimselfanexileinhisownland.这里悖论的使用初看来不符合逻辑,但却很好的说明了黑人在美国社会的现状,语义强烈,同时起到了一定的讽刺作用。英语4班 金平1182970547
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