因材施教 知任善育教学内容 名词一、名词的定义及分类1、名词是表示人、事物、时间和地点名称的词。2、名词的分类（1）根据其意义划分 普通名词： 个体名词；集体名词；物质名词；抽象名词名词 专业名词 人名 国名 地名 机构名 (2)根据用数字计算来划分 可数名词：单数、复数名词 不可数名词二、1、普通名词个体名词：student violin pig house school umbrella集体名词：family people police class army 物质名词：rice water juice paper hair air抽象名词：weather love luck happiness work hobby2、专有名词 专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词，多为独一无二的事物。例如：人名：Yao Ming Mr Green Mickey Mouse Big Big Wolf时间：Sunday January Christmas Spring Festival地名：China the Great Wall Chinatown 组织：the United Nations 联合国 the Olympic Games World Health Organization世界卫生组织 NBA三、名词的数 1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。 可数名词可以数的名词 (an apple-two apples a car-some cars)不可数名词数不清（没有复数）water coffee food glass Fruit Love Air tea 2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有复数形式，不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用，没有复数形式 many+可数名词复数 There are many apples.much/a little+不可数名词 如There is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。some, any , a lot of =lots of既可以修饰可数名词，有可以修饰不可数名词对可数名词的数量提问用how many 对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much 规则变化 1）一般情况下加-s 如book-books（书）desk-desks（书桌） 2）以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es 如box-boxes（盒子）bus-buses(公共汽车) 注意以 th 结尾加-s, month-months stomach-stomachs 3)以辅音字母+结尾，变y为i再加- es。 如city-cities(城市) country-countries(国家) family-families, strawberry-strawberries注意以元音+y，直接加s 如：day-days(天)，boy-boys(男孩) 4)以f或fe结尾，复数变f或 fe 为v再加-es 如knife-knives(书) , half-halves(一半) (thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf) 5)以o结尾 以o结尾的名词，除tomato, potato等少数在后面加es外，一般是在后面直接加s.如： photophotos, zoozoos, radioradios, pianopianos, 不规则变化 1) 元音字母发变化。 如man-men(男人) ， woman-women(妇女) tooth-teeth(牙齿) ， foot-feet(脚).tooth-teethmouse-mice(老鼠) ， policeman-policemen(警察) policewoman-policewomen(女警察) 2) 词尾发生变化。 如child-children(小孩) ， ox-oxen(公牛) 3) 单、复数形式相同。 如fish-fish(鱼) ，sheep-sheep(绵羊) ，deer-deer(鹿) ，Chinese-Chinese(中国人) ，Japanese-Japanese （日本人）people-people四、名词的所有格 名词的所有格表示名词与名词间的关系，在汉语中常译成的 情况构成方法例词单数名词加sMikes father,Bobs cat, My fathers name以s结尾的复数名词加The teachers room,the twinss clothes不以s结尾的复数名词加sMens shoes, womens clothes一、1）表示有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格一般在名词后加s .如：my fathers study（我父亲的书房） marys father(玛丽的父亲) jims mother(吉姆的母亲) 2）以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格只在名词后加 如：the teachers reading room 教师阅览室;3）不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格要加s.如：the womens shoes 女式鞋子。4）如果一样东西为两人共有，则只在后一个名词的后面加s。如：Jane and Helens room 珍妮和海伦的房间(共有)5）如果不是共有的，则两个名词之后都要加s . Bills and Toms radios 比尔的收音机和汤姆的收音机（不共有）二、表示无生命的东西，一般用 of+名词的结构。如：a map of China 中国地图the windows of the house 房间的窗户 the picture of the family 家庭照片教学第三个环节：巩固练习一、写出下列名词的复数形式。1.family 2.foot 3.watch4.teacher 5.photo 6.woman7.Chinese 8.mouse 9.deer10.toy 11.knife 12.tomato13.stamp 14.child 15.leaf16.tooth 17.country 18.sheep19.bus 20.football 21.key22.kite 23.mouth 24.policeman25.hero 26.kangaroo 27.this 28.that二、把下列词组组成名词所有格1.Mary/room 2.the teacher/books3.a teacher/English4.a map/China5.half an hour/walk6.yesterday/evening paper三、选择题1、Will you show me a-?A.Londons map B.map of Londan C.map in London2、This is my-car and I must return it to him in time. A.friends B.friend C.friends3、My father likes to read-. A.todays paper B.today paper C.todays paper4、The lady was-. A.a friend of my sister B. a friend of my sisters C.my sister friend5、This is-room. A.Mike and Johns B.Mikes and Johns C.Mikes and Johns6、These are-houses. A.Mr.Green and Mr.Wangs B.Mr.Green and Mr.Wangs C.Mr.Greens and Mr.Wangs7、Liu Taos family -very big. A. am B.is C.are D.was8、Lets go to-by plane. A.australia B.the bank of China C.Japan D.Hongshan park9、The United Nations-a big family. A.am B.is C.are D.were10、Can you draw-on the paper? A.an egg B.a elephant C.a ant D.a umbrella11、I dont have any-,but I have some-. A.apple,juice B.apples.juice C.apples,juices12、They are-and they speak-. A.Japanese,Japanese B.Japanese,Japan C.Japan,Japanese13、These boys are-. A.America B.Americans C.an American14、I want two-and three-of milk,please. A.pie,carton B.pies,carton C.pies,cartons15、There are many-on the farm. A.pear trees B.pears trees C.pear tree16、-books are heavy. A.Mr Green B.Mr Greens C.Mr Creens17、There is-China on the wall A.a map B.map of C.a map of18、Those are-clothes. A.childs B.childrens C.childrens19、This is-newspaper. A.todays B.todays C.today of四、用所给词的适当形式填空1、There are some(sheep) and(fox) on the hill.2、That is your(storyboo