The Features of the Poetry between Chinese and English,诗歌,Who?,“诗歌”and“Poetry”,In the ancient China,“诗歌”is defined as external performance of the poets inherent quality. In the beginning of “诗歌”, lyric poem is an important role to form a tradition of lyric poem（抒情诗传统）.,About the western poetry, according to the word“poem”, we can know “Poem is something made”. Western poetry begins with epic（史诗） to form a tradition of epic（叙事诗传统）.,Differences,The superiority of the Chinese poetry form Syntactic Ambiguity,The omission of the personal pronoun The omission of the preposition Time adverbial The omission of the comparative words The usage of structural word,人 称 代 词 的 省 略,Eg: 春眠不觉晓， 处处闻啼鸟。 夜来风雨声， 花落知多少。 孟浩然春晓 In this poetry, we cant find a personal pronoun，but we can get into a situation of sleeping. “假使一位拙劣的译者，考虑到明晰的要求，运用一种指称语言，使其明确化，比如这样翻译：当我在春日睡去，在我周围，我听见，我记起，于是我心想”， In this way, we know that this poetry entirely wakes up.,Eg: 潭影空人心。 常建破山寺后禅院 由于动词“空”没有被介词限定，他至少可以有三种解释，即： “在潭影中人心倾空”， “潭影在人心中倾空”， “潭影使人心倾空”。 原句之所以佳妙，也正是因为其高浓度地凝结了多种意思。,The omission of the preposition, 总的来说，中国诗歌语法的灵活性让字与读者之间建立一种自由的关系，读者在字与字之间保持着一种“若即若离”的解读活动。 而在西方诗歌的发展历程中，瘦子慎于言特制的影响，即使也具有含混的意味，但其语法从没有像中国古诗那样含混灵活。庞德领军的意象派，受中国古诗影响，曾做过消除语法桎梏的尝试，如Canto64： Pray: hands uplifted Solitude: a person, a nurse 如果要硬译，可以译为： 祈祷： 举起手 孤单： 一个人，一个护士 作者似乎想模仿“枯藤老树昏鸦”和“小桥流水人家”通过罗列名词来创造意境，但是西方语言中那些标点和连词仍然不可避免的破坏了整体效果。,The superiority of the Western poetry form free structure, The western poetry is based on phonetic language system as a kind of art form. With compared to Chinese, it is not limited to word number(such as five-character五言, seven-character). Although western poetry also need rhyme, it is not strict enough. The poetry writing of every language has their unique feature, we cant translate it.,Eg1: E.E.Cummingsl(a L(a le af fa ll s) one l iness 他将四个英文词拆开，将a leaf fall加括号夹在了loneliness之间，即使将单词拆开，每个字母仍可读。可是汉字却达不到此效果。,Eg2: Eugen Gomringer Wind (concrete poetry) W W d i n n n i d i d W 他摆出了英文单词“wind”表达了被风吹散的意思。 这类诗歌旨在忠实模仿和再现现实中的某种声响或图像，在中国诗歌传统中多半将此作品视为胡闹甚至笑料，但是在西方诗歌史中，他们便是可以称得上充满想象力和创造力的名诗了。 这些例子在西方诗歌中并非主流，但是可以让我们清楚地看到西方诗歌中不可译的那种特质。,Finally, no matter how much differences they are, we can know“Chinese and western poetries are aimed to pursue releasing ourselves and waking ourselves, it is the best psychical realm(灵魂境界) to get freedom.”,Thank you !,end,