英语研究论文写作常识(仅供参考)：I摘要写作要点： 中心论题、研究背景、研究目的、理论支撑、研究对象、方法、步骤、样本抽取、研究发现、研究意义。2. APA 论文格式的摘要写作要求（供参考）In writing the abstract, use no more than 120 words. (Remember that the whole point of abstracting is to condense.) The abstract always falls on page 2, the page after the title page. It should have a running head and page number. Center the title “Abstract” (without quotation marks) one inch from the top of the page. The abstract should observe the following conventions:1)Reflect accurately the purpose and content of your paper.2)Explain briefly the central issue or problem of your paper.3)Summarize your papers most important points.4)Mention the major sources used.5)State your conclusions clearly.6)Be coherent so that it is easy to read.7) Remain objective in its point of view.II.目录写作要点： 体现论文的结构及论证过程：ContentsPart One Introduction. . 11.1 Research Background.（研究背景）.11.2 Theories on Language and Culture (理论与方法简要介绍) .21.3 Research Purpose, Significance and Structure of the Thesis.（研究目的、意义.及论文结构）. . .2Part Two Kinship-term Differences in Chinese and English .32.1 Theories on Language and Culture.（理论支撑?可以独立成章）. .32.1.1 Relation between Language and Culture. .42.1.2 Culture at the Material, Institutional and Psychological Levels. .42.2 Specific Kinship Terms VS. General Kinship Terms. . .62.3 Extended Family VS. Nuclear Family（研究对象，样本抽取）. .9Part Three Cultural Interpretation at the Three Levels .123.1 Geographical Distinction at the Material Level. .12 3.1.1 A Continental Economy. .12 3.1.2 An Oceanic Economy. .133.2 Ethical Inclination at the Institutional Level. .14 3.2.1 Moral-Orientation in China. .143.2.2 Law-Orientation in Western Countries. .153.3 Spiritual Support at the Psychological Level. .16 3.3.1 Confucianism: a Hierarchical Doctrine. .16 3.3.2 Christianity: an Equal Conception.（论证）. .17Part Four Conclusion.（研究发现）. .19Notes. .21Bibliography. .22Acknowledgements. .24Appendix. .25III正文写作要点：（The text）1 IntroductionThe introduction may contain a few paragraphs, including:1） Defining your specific topic；2） Suggesting the significance of your research；3） Developing a brief discussion of relevant literature on the topic; 4） Historical background； 5） Stating your position to establish the direction of the study to point towards your conclusions；6） Briefly introducing each part of your thesis；（注意：主要是提出问题和观点；对于上述的引言要点和叙述顺序可以根据情况灵活运用）2. Body A logical development of your outline subdivisions and requires orderly presentation of ideas, well-developed arguments and proper documentation, which together guarantee unity, coherence, clarity and accuracy of your paper with a thorough analysis, bringing a conclusion from known facts, premises, data, etc. 3. ConclusionFocus on your topic, a summary of your whole thesis or restatement of your thesis, but it is not a simple repetition, but a concise well-organized conclusion in theory, including statement of the subjects significance, to let readers know the value of your study; put forward a solution of a problem, etc. (Remember to avoid additional ideas, irrelevant information, or asking questions that raise new issues，etc注意：在结论部分，避免提出论文以外的观点，不相干内容、问题等)IVDocumentation and Bibliography1. Basic concepts1） Documentation: Documentation refers to furnishing the paper with exact references to authoritative supporting informationAll academic papers should be well documented to credit each and every source material that is borrowed or referred to in the textDocumentation consists of two parts in different forms: in-text documentation and extra-text documentation；the former taking the form of in-text citation or in-text numbering，while the latt