英语语法复习,名 词,名词表示人、事物、地点的名称或者抽象概念的词。 名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词两类。,名词的定义和分类,名词的种类,专有名词：,普通名词：,可数：,不可数：,个体名词 nurse, house, horse, apple, pen,集体名词 people, family, class, trousers,物质名词： water, paper, air, milk,抽象名词： work, housework, homework, information, news, weather,专有名词是具体的人和事物等特有名称。专有名词的第一个字母要大写，人名、地名、公共节日及月份、周日的名称等等都是属于专有名词。如：Yao Ming, China, March, New Years Day等。,物质名词与抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，为不可数名词。 不可数名词前不能加冠词a 或an来表示量， 也没有复数形式。,名词的单数形式 一般可用a来修饰 a car a book a university 在元音发音开头的单词前用 an an elephant an apple an eraser an hour an honest boy an interesting book. 请注意：a useful thing an unusual thing,名词的复数形式 1.复数形式的构成方法 (1) 一般在名词后加“s” dog dogs (2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es” boxes watches buses brushes,(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es” country countries factory factories 如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s” boy boys monkey monkeys,(4)以o结尾的名词加“s” radio radios zoo zoos 只有 potato, tomato和hero 加“es”构成复数 potato potatoes tomato tomatoes (5)以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es” wife wives shelf shelves knife knives leaf leaves,(6)可数名词的不规则变化。 如：manmen womanwomen toothteeth footfeet childchildren FrenchmanFrenchmen,(1) 小马虎弹着钢琴 (piano) 听着收音机(radio), 又到动物园 (zoo) 照了张相(photo), 但考试得了个大鸡蛋 (零分zero), 一律加 s。 (2) 黑人 (Negro) 英雄 (hero) 爱吃土豆(potato) 西红柿 (tomato), 全部加 es。,(7)单复数形式相同的名词： 如：sheepsheep fishfish; ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese (8)有些名词无单数形式。 如：people(作“人们”解时) police clothes. (9)pants, shorts, glasses (眼镜)只用复数形式。,(10)由man, woman 构成的合成名词，变复数时将名词及man, woman都变成复数。 如：man drivermen drivers woman teacherwomen teachers 但其他合成名词，只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。 如：a banana treebanana trees a shoe factoryshoe factories,不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词 如: water，rice，fish，meat 等。另外还有：,work time music money weather homework wood Information news medicine,1.不可数名词无复数形式，作主语时常看成单数 盘子里有一些面包。 There is some bread on the plate. 没有消息就是好消息。 No news is good news. 2.常用how much, much, a little, little, a lot of, some, any等来修饰不可数名词 他每天花很多时间玩电脑游戏。 He spends much time in playing computer games every day. 迈克在家几乎不做家务。 Mike does little housework at home.,3.常用a piece of, a cup of, a glass of,a bottle of等来表示不可数名词的量,单复数表现在of 前面的名词上，而 of 后始终是单数 There is a piece of paper on the desk. We want three glasses of orange.,注意：可数名词也可用量来表示， of后用复数 There are two bags of eggs in the basket.,桌子上有一张纸。,我们想要三杯橙汁。,篮子里有两袋鸡蛋。,4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情 况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 (1) glass(玻璃) a glass(玻璃杯) paper(纸) a paper(报纸) work(工作) a work(著作) room(空间) a room(房间),(2) fruit(水果) fruits (各种水果) fish(鱼) fishes(各种鱼) time(时间) times(时代),bird- lady orange- ruler- cat- boy- girl case- wife- watch tree- key- question friend photo- card- family- dictionary,birds,ladies,oranges,rulers,cats,boys,girls,cases,wives,watches,trees,keys,questions,friends,families,dictionaries,photos,cards,(1)How many _ do you want? A kilo, please. A. bananas B. meat C. bread D. milk (2)Taking a walk in the evening is a good _. So it is, it keep us healthy. A. rule B. hobby C. habit D. favor (3)These people are from _. They are _. A. Germany; Germen B. German; Germany C. Germany; Germanies D. Germany; Germans (4)Would you pass me _? I want to write a letter. A. a paper B. a piece of paper C. two paper D. two piece of paper,A,C,D,B,Choose the best answers.,(5) _ mothers both work in this hospital. A. Jim and Bills B. Jims and Bills C. Jim and Bill D. Jims and Bill (6) In China, September 10th is _. A. Teachers Day B. Teachers Day C. Teacher Day D. Teachers Day (7) Excuse me, where is the_？ A. mens restroom B. mens restroom C. mens restrooms D. men restrooms (8) The post office is a little far from here. Its about_. A. thirty minutess walk B. thirty minutes walk C. thirty minutes walk D. thirty minutes walk (9) Miss Yan is a friend of_. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. mothers of Mary D. Mary mothers,B,D,A,C,A,