资源预览内容
第1页 / 共10页
第2页 / 共10页
第3页 / 共10页
第4页 / 共10页
第5页 / 共10页
第6页 / 共10页
第7页 / 共10页
第8页 / 共10页
第9页 / 共10页
第10页 / 共10页
亲,该文档总共10页全部预览完了,如果喜欢就下载吧!
资源描述
【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】外文文献翻译译文一、外文原文原文:RiskManagementThischapterreviewsanddiscussesthebasicissuesandprinciplesofriskmanagement,including:riskacceptability(tolerability);riskreductionandtheALARPprinciple;cautionaryandprecautionaryprinciples.AndpresentsacasestudyshowingtheimportanceoftheseissuesandprinciplesinapracticalmanagementconteGt.Beforewetakeacloserlook,letusbrieflyaddresssomebasicfeaturesofriskmanagement.Thepurposeofriskmanagementistoensurethatadequatemeasuresaretakentoprotectpeople,theenvironment,andassetsfrompossibleharmfulconsequencesoftheactivitiesbeingundertaken,aswellastobalancedifferentconcerns,inparticularrisksandcosts.Riskmanagementincludesmeasuresbothtoavoidthehazardsandtoreducetheirpotentialharm.Traditionally,inindustriessuchasnuclear,oil,andgas,riskmanagementwasbasedonaprescriptiveregulatingregime,inwhichdetailedrequirementsweresetwithregardtothedesignandoperationofthearrangements.Thisregimehasgraduallybeenreplacedbyamoregoal-orientedregime,puttingemphasisonwhattoachieveratherthanonthemeansofachievingit.Riskmanagementisanintegralaspectofagoal-orientedregime.Itisacknowledgedthatriskcannotbeeliminatedbutmustbemanaged.Thereisnowadaysanenormousdriveandenthusiasminvariousindustriesandinsocietyasawholetoimplementriskmanagementinorganizations.TherearehigheGpectationsthatriskmanagementistheproperframeworkthroughwhichtoachievehighlevelsofperformance.Riskmanagementinvolvesachievinganappropriatebalancebetweenrealizingopportunitiesforgainandminimizinglosses.Itisanintegralpartofgoodmanagementpracticeandanessentialelementofgoodcorporategovernance.Itisaniterativeprocessconsistingofstepsthat,whenundertakeninsequence,canleadtoacontinuousimprovementindecision-makingandfacilitateacontinuousimprovementinperformance.Tosupportdecision-makingregardingdesignandoperation,riskanalysesarecarriedout.Theyincludetheidentificationofhazardsandthreats,causeanalyses,consequenceanalyses,andriskdescriptions.Theresultsarethenevaluated.Thetotalityoftheanalysesandtheevaluationsarereferredtoasriskassessments.Riskassessmentisfollowedbyrisktreatment,whichisaprocessinvolvingthedevelopmentandimplementationofmeasurestomodifytherisk,includingmeasuresdesignedtoavoid,reduce(“optimize”),transfer,orretaintherisk.Risktransfermeanssharingwithanotherpartythebenefitorlossassociatedwitharisk.Itistypicallyaffectedthroughinsurance.Riskmanagementcoversallcoordinatedactivitiesinthedirectionandcontrolofanorganizationwithregardtorisk.Inmanyenterprises,theriskmanagementtasksaredividedintothreemaincategories:strategicrisk,financialrisk,andoperationalrisk.Strategicriskincludesaspectsandfactorsthatareimportantfortheenterpriseslong-termstrategyandplans,foreGamplemergersandacquisitions,technology,competition,politicalconditions,legislationandregulations,andlabormarket.Financialriskincludestheenterprisesfinancialsituation,andincludes:Marketrisk,associatedwiththecostsofgoodsandservices,foreigneGchangeratesandsecurities(shares,bonds,etc.).Creditrisk,associatedwithadebtorsfailuretomeetitsobligationsinaccordancewithagreedterms.Liquidityrisk,reflectinglackofaccesstocash;thedifficultyofsellinganassetinatimelymanner.Operationalriskisrelatedtoconditionsaffectingthenormaloperatingsituation:Accidentalevents,includingfailuresanddefects,qualitydeviations,naturaldisasters.Intendedacts;sabotage,disgruntledemployees,etc.Lossofcompetence,keypersonnel.Legalcircumstances,associatedforinstance,withdefectivecontractsandliabilityinsurance.Foranenterprisetobecomesuccessfulinitsimplementationofriskmanagement,topmanagementneedstobeinvolved,andactivitiesmustbeputintoeffectonmanylevels.Someimportantpointstoensuresuccessare:theestablishmentofastrategyforriskmanagement,i.e.,theprinciplesofhowtheenterprisedefinesandimplementsriskmanagement.Shouldonesimplyfollowtheregulatoryrequirements(minimalrequirements),orshouldonebethe“bestintheclass”?Theestablishmentofariskmanagementprocessfortheenterprise,i.e.formalprocessesandroutinesthattheenterpriseistofollow.Theestablishmentofmanagementstructures,withrolesandresponsibilities,suchthattheriskanalysisprocessbecomesintegratedintotheorganization.Theimplementationofanalysesandsupportsystems,suchasriskanalysistools,recordingsystemsforoccurrencesofvarioustypesofevents,etc.Thecommunication,training,anddevelopmentofariskmanagementculture,sothatthecompetence,understanding,andmotivationlevelwithintheorganizationisenhanced.Giventheabovefundamentalsofriskmanagement,theneGtstepistodevelopprinciplesandamethodologythatcanbeusedinpracticaldecision-making.Thisisnot,however,straightforward.Thereareanumberofchallengesandhereweaddresssomeofthese:establishinganinformativeriskpictureforthevariousdecisionalternatives,usingthisriskpictureinadecision-makingconteGt.Establishinganinformativeriskpicturemeansidentifyingappropriateriskindicesandassessmentsofuncertainties.UsingtheriskpictureinadecisionmakingconteGtmeansthedefinitionandapplicationofriskacceptancecriteria,costbenefitanalysesandtheALARPprinciple,whichstatesthatriskshouldbereducedtoalevelwh
网站客服QQ:2055934822
金锄头文库版权所有
经营许可证:蜀ICP备13022795号 | 川公网安备 51140202000112号