非谓语动词 - 课件 （修订版）,人大附中,201203,非谓语动词讲解,Nonfinite Verbs,非谓语动词,动名词,分词,现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,1.谓语动词：,概述：,2. 非谓语动词：,在句子中担任谓语的动词,是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分,一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。,非谓语动词使用条件,She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.,1 The teachers sitting there are from other schools.,表语,2 We saw some teachers sitting there.,宾语补足语,3 We need to be active in class.,宾语,谓语,宾语,主语,定语,连系动词,划分句子成分,非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等.,4.To see you is glad. =Its glad to see you. 5.I want to see you. 6.I want him to see you. 7.My hope is to see you. 8.He is the man to see you. 9.Im glad to see you. 10.I went to see you. 11.He went so early as to see you,（作主语）,(作宾语）,（作宾补）,(作表语）,（作定语）,（作原因状语）,（作目的状语）,（作结果状语）,12.Swimming is his favourite sport. 13.He enjoys swimming. 14.I found him swimming in the river. 15.His favourite sport is swimming. 16.He is the man swimming in the river just now. 17. Swimming in Summer ,we can get cool.,(作主语）,(作宾语）,(作宾补）,(作表语）,(作状语）,(作定语）,动词不定式（The Infinitive）,一. 动词不定式的基本构成：,由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成,肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被动式：to be done 完成式：to have done,二. 动词不定式的句法作用法,动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语定语、状语等成份。,动词不定式,To do that sort of thing is foolish。,I want to see you this evening,All you have to do is to finish it quickly.,We found a house to live in.,She came here to study English.,I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,(1)作主语,不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。,To see is to believe,Not to get there in time is your fault.,注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,句型1：It + 谓语 + to do,It takes us an hour _ get there by bus.,句型2：Its + n. + to do,Its our duty _ help the poor.,It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountains,句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.,It is + adj + for sb to do sth It is + adj + of sb to do sth,（是形容人的品质的 ）,（是形容事物的性质的 ）,It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.,It is very kind of you to give me some help. Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.,You are very kind to give me some help.,you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.,常见动词有：,(2)作宾语,I want to know this matter.,like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate等,I dont expect to meet you here.,1).,接不定式做宾语,1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they? 2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor. 3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor. 4. My daughter preferred _ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties. 5. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand.,B. 常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词: tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain know, show, discover, see(understand) He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book. I hope youll advise me what to do.,I dont know how to get there.,I havent decided whether to go or stay.,begin start continue,+,to do doing,注意下列动词,like love hate prefer learn,+,to do doing,remember forget regret,+,to do doing,try mean stop go on,+,to do doing,1. Boys, dont forget _ the windows before you leave the classroom. A. closing B. closed C. to closing D. to close 2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest 4. Remember _ the lights when you leave the office. A. to turn off B. turning off C. turn off D. to turning off,(3)作宾语补足语,(与宾语之间的关系实际上是逻辑上的主谓关系),1. Mother told me _ come back before 10 oclock. 2. Ill get someone _ repair the recorder for you. 3. What caused him _ change his mind? 4.I wish you _ come as soon as possible. 5. He asked me _do the work with him,advise allow ask beg cause expect encourage force get hate invite order wish oblige want warn remind promise permit persuade request,sb. to do,see watch look at hear listen to feel notice,+,sb.,+,do doing done,make let have,sb. be,seen watched looked at heard listened to felt noticed,+,to do,made let,2).,I often hear them (sing) this song.,Did you notice anyone (come )in ? I would have him (wait) for me for a long time. Look at the horse jump.,注意： 当这类动词转为被动语态时， 其后的不定式则要加上“ to” 如：,He is often heard _ the song,He was seen _ the room.,to sing,to enter,4. it作形式宾语,I find/feel to work with him interesting ,I find/feel it interesting to work with him,注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。,Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it +adj/n + to do sth.,1.We thought _ better _ start early. 2.Do you consider _ better not _ go? 3. I feel _ my duty _ change all that. 4.We think _ important _ obey the law. 5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。 1.Let me _(help) you _ (water) the flowers. 2.Little Sandy would love _(t