7A版优质实用文档20GG年考研英语（一）试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Read the following teGt. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.1thefruit-flyeGperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmerspieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.Intelligence,it5out,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning-agradual7-insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingstheyveapparentlylearnediswhento8.Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?Thatsthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespeciesweveleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalIveevermet.ResearchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhateGperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?20theresultsareinconclusive.1.ASupposeBConsiderCObserveDImagine2.AtendedBfearedChappenedDthreatened3.AthinnerBstablerClighterDdimmer4.AtendencyBadvantageCinclinationDpriority5.AinsistsonBsumsupCturnsoutDputsforward6.AoffBbehindCoverDalong7.AincredibleBspontaneousCinevitableDgradual8.AfightBdoubtCstopDthink9.AinvisibleBlimitedCindefiniteDdifferent10.AupwardBforwardCafterwardDbackward11.AfeaturesBinfluencesCresultsDcosts12.AoutsideBonCbyDacross13.AdeliverBcarryCperformDapply14.AbychanceBincontrastCasusualDforinstance15.AifBunlessCasDlest16.AmoderateBovercomeCdetermineDreach17.AatBforCafterDwith18.AAboveallBAfterallCHoweverDOtherwise19.AfundamentalBcomprehensiveCequivalentDhostile20.AByaccidentBIntimeCSofarDBetterstillSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four teGts. Answer the questions below each teGt by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)TeGt1Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaGingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,”WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesanegativeconnotation.SoitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesameconteGtascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.Butdontbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothehippocampus,theyretheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.“Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,”saysDawnaMarkova,authorof“TheOpenMind”andaneGecutivechangeconsultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners.“Butwearetaughtinsteadtodecide,justasourpresidentcallshimselftheDecider.”Sheadds,however,that“todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.AgoodinnovationalthinkerisalwayseGploringthemanyotherpossibilities.”Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwereunaware,shesays.Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:analytically,procedurally,relationally(orcollaboratively)andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought.“ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem-thatanyonecandoanything,”eGplainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe20GGbook“ThisYearIWill.”andMs.Markovasbusinesspartner.“Thatsaliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.KnowingwhatyouregoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreateseGcellence.”Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin.21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeingA.casualB.familiarC.mechanicalD.changeable.22.TheresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbeA.predictedB.regulatedC.tracedD.guided23.”ruts”(inlineone,paragraph3)hasclosestmeaningtoA.tracksB.seriesC.characteristicsD.connections24.Ms.Markovascommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting?A,