Grammar,定语从句,关系代词:,1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,The man who I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a thief.,2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省),The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.,The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.,3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省),These are the trees which were planted last year.,This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan.,Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?,Is this the library from which you borrow books?, that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,A plane is a machine. It can fly.,A plane is a machine that can fly.,He is the man. I told you about him.,He is the man (that/who/whom) I told you about.,He is the man (that) I told you about., 注意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能用that 。,4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,A plane is a machine that can fly., that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。,I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.,Ive read all the books that are not mine.,This is the first book (that) he has read.,This is the very book that belongs to him.,(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。,(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等 修饰时。,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same修饰时。,在下列情况下只用which,不用that。 1，引导非限定性定语从句。 2，直接作介词的宾语。 3，避免与that重复。 Here he worked on a short film, which won him a job as the youngest film director in the world. Many people were afraid to swim in the sea when they remembered the scenes in which people were eaten by the shark.,whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词 与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。 whose 多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which 互换使用。Whose 用来代替 his，her，their，its.,This is the book whose cover is blue. This is the book of which the cover is blue. Do you know the girl whose father died in Iraq,1. This is the best hotel in the city _ I know. A. It B. where C. that D. Which 2. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady_ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 3. Is there anything else_ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what,4. Whats the name of the man_? A. you borrowed his car B. which car you borrowed C. whose car you borrowed D. his car you borrowed,This is the factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago. This is the factory where I worked ten years ago. The school is near a park. My son studies in this school. The school where my studies is near a park.,关系副词where,Theyll never forget July 1. Hong Kong returned to its motherland on July 1. Theyll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland. The days are gone forever. We used foreign oil during those days. The days when we used foreign oil are gone forever.,关系副词when,when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词,并在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。,Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.,on which(=on the day),=,We still remembered the days when we travelled together.,The time _ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.,when,in which(=in the days),=,where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词,并在定语从句中作地点状语, 相当于“介词+ 关系代词(which)”。,This is the house where I lived two years ago.,in which(=in the house),=,Harvard is a world-famous university where Wang An got his Doctor degree.,The place _ we visited yesterday is a school for disabled children.,which/that,Harvard is a world-famous university. There Wang An got his Doctors degree,There are many reasons why people like traveling. for the reasons =why I dont like the way that you speak. in the way =that 关系副词实际上是介词先行词,关系副词why,time,修饰时间,place,修饰地点,reason,修饰原因,先行词在定从中的不同成分, 引导词不同: a. This is the place where he works. This is the place which (that) we visited last year. b. That was the time when he arrived. Do you still remember the days that (which) we spent together?,c. This is the reason why/for which he went. The reason that (which) he gave us was quite reasonable.,1. Ill never forget the days _ we worked together. 2. Ill never forget the days _ _we spent together. 3. I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.,when /in which,which,where/ in which,几种易混的情况,及物动词,4. I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5. This is the reason _ he was late. 6. This is the reason _ _ he gave.,which,why/ for which,that/which,及物动词,及物动词,1. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 2. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. That B. where C. which D. the one,3. I shall never forget those years _ I live in the farm _ you visited last week. A. when; where B. which; which C. when; which D. which; where 4. Do you know the reason _he was late? A. for which B. for what C. which D. that,5. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 6. Is t