音节：由因素组成，我们知道因素分为元音和辅音，在英语中所有的元音都构成音节，因为它们都发音响亮。而辅音中只有三个较响亮的音可以与它们前面的另一个辅音构成音节，它们是m，n，l.一般来说，一个音节可以只是一个元音， 也可以由一个元音和若干辅音构成。英语中常见音节的六种类型：1.开音节：以发音的元音字母结尾的音节。绝对开音节: 辅音字母+元音字母 例如：no，go, hi，she，he, we, so, ba-by, stu-dent, se-cret, ta-ble.相对开音节：元音字母+ 辅音字母(r除外）+e (以发音的元音字母加单个辅音字母，再加一个不发音字母e结尾的重读音节) 例如：name, these, bike, home, cute. 2.闭音节： 元音字母+1个或几个辅音字母(r除外) （以一个或几个辅音字母结尾（r除外），而中间只有一个元音字母的音节。）例如 : map , desk , man, shop, nice, like, test, duck.3. r 音节：以元音字母加辅音字母r为主体构成的音节。 其拼写形式为： 元音字母 + r（前后都可有其他的辅音字母）。 例如：her, nurse, first, north.4. re 音节：以元音字母加re为主体构成的音节。 例如：care, where, more, pure.5. 字母组合音节：以元音字母加元音字母，或由元音字母加某些特定的辅音字母为主体构成的音节。例如：meat, food, young, flow.6. 成音节: 辅音中三个发音较响亮的音m n 在后面没有元音的情况下，可以和前面的辅音结合构成一个音节，叫成音节： zn s fn d vn p。如:applepl, pencilpensl, lessenlesn, listen lIsn, reasonri:zn, peoplepi:pl, littlelItl 元音字母在重读开音节和闭音节中的读音规律a 在开音节中e name ,bake, cake, gate, lake, maze, tape, vase, safe, save, take, case, fate, fade, mate, late, hate, game, same, face, plane, Jane, age, skate, wave 在闭音节中 bag, dad, hat, map, black, back, cat, fat, gas, sad, tag, act, mad, fane 在开音节中i: he , she, me, we, be, these, 在闭音节中e bed, let, pen, desk, yes, egg, red, get, left, bet, neck, rest, wet, best, beg, ten, set, pet, hen, them, veti 在开音节中a bike, drive, time, nice, kite, line, file, pipe, wife, bite, fine, hide, hike, life, like, mile, mine, rise, side, site, size, wine, wise, prize, fly ,by, cry, dry在闭音节中 it, is, six, bit, kid, kick, did, fit, fish, big, sit, milk, kiss, fix, zip, dig, swim rich, picko在开音节中 go, no, old, hope, those, close, home, code, joke, coke, broke, vote, note, bone, tone, rose, nose, pose, stove, Rome在闭音节中 clock, not, got, dot, ox, fox, pop, hot, lost, lot, dog, stop, job, box, shop, sock, knock, lock u在开音节中ju: 当 u_e 位于c, f, h, m或者p 之后时， 发ju: ： cube, cute, amuse, mute, huge, mule, Muse, pule 当 u_e 位于j, l, r或者y 之后时, 发u: ：June, lube, lute, rude, rule, Yule当 u_e 位于d, t或者n 之后时, 发ju: 或者u：dude, duke, dune, tube, tune, nude,在闭音节中 bus, cup, cut, bug, but, dust, gun, fun, hug, must, up, sum, shut, tub, jump, much, lunch, rub, duck, luck英语音标及字母组合对照1.元音:1) i: 字母组合:ee ea e ie ei （eo ey i）ee: three, tree, green, sheep, meet, beef, see, seek, deep, bee, pee, feed, heel, free, fee, keep, sweet, feel, peel, jeep, Greek, need, seem, keen, kneel, week, cheese, street, agree ea: eat, tea, meat, meal, pea, sea, peace, peach, read, beat, dream, weak, heat, neat, beast, cream, leap, beach, bean, peak, leave, lead, teacher, team, mean, speak, clean, pleasee: he, she, me, we, beie: piece, niece, field, thief, achieve, believeei: either, neither, ceiling, receive, receipt, deceive, seize.2) 发音字母 i y e ui u ai: sit, it, is, list, six, mix, fix, fit, pig, big, missy: many, city, busy, story, pretty, lucky, family, twenty, happy3) e 字母组合 ea e a （ue,u,ie,ai,ei,ay）ea: head, bread, sweat, ready, weather, dead, pleasuree: sell, shell, bed, desk, yes, egg, leg, beg, ten, set, red, hen, wet, pet, neck, best, them.a: many, any 4) 发音字母 aa: bag, hand, and, ant, act, add, happy, hat, map, mad, bad, black, back, glad, flag, shall, man 5) : 字母组合ir ur ear er orir: girl, shirt, skirt, thirty, thirteen, third, bird, sir, first, dirty ur: turn, burn, murder, nurse, turtle, purse, curse, hurt, burger, Thursday. ear: learn, earn, earth, early, hearder: term, her, nerd, serve, nerveor: work, worm, word, world 6) 字母组合 er or ar ou o a e uer: teacher, leader, player, speaker, writer, driver, cooker, worker, better, farmer or: doctor, actor, mayor, author, labor, tutorou: delicious, gracious, famous, jealous, fabulous ar: familiar, collar, dollar o: together, tomorrow, today, lesson, Washington, control, polite a: around, account, ago, banana, Canada, Japan, Chinae: the, men, listen u: minus, bonus7) a: 字母组合 ar a al auar: car, farm, card, arm, part, park, dark, hard, bar, star, large, mark, gardena: fast, class, last, glass, ask, task, spa al: calm, half au: aunt, laugh8) 发音字母 u o ou oo u: up, cup, us, bus, gun, but, dust, fun, hug, must, bug, sum, shut, rug, tub, supper, lunch, hunto: come, mother, dose, brother, love, some, above ou: trouble, rough, flourishoo: blood, flood9) :字母组合 al or au our ar oor oughal: all, small, wall, talk, tall, hall, ball, call, walk or: short, lord, horse, for, forty, sport, corn, born, form, store, perform au: author, pause, caught, autumnour: four, your, pour, mourn, court, coursear: warm, swarm, quarrel, quarter oor: door, floorough: thought, bought, brought10) 发音字母 o a o: hot, lost, lot, fox, box, mop, hop, loss, not, got, dot,