Unit4 The Present Participle as Adverbial （现在分词做状语）,. Revision of Ings function: 1.The sleeping boy is disturbed. 2.I saw the boy cheating in the exam. 3.Seeing is believing. 4.My job is teaching. 5.They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.,Attribute,Objective complement,Subject,Predicative,Object,.课文中出现的Ing句子，分析其所做的成分。,I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously I stood for a minute watching them and went to greet them. 3. She stepped back appearing surprised 4. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with 5. When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door.,状语描述动词=副词,1. As soon as they heard the bell, they rushed out of the room .,= Hearing the bell, they rushed out of .,2. As he was rather sleepy, he didnt hear the bell.,Being rather sleepy, he didnt hear the bell.,was - be - being,3. As he didnt hear the bell, he didnt rushed out of the classroom.,Not hearing the bell, he didnt rushed out of the classroom.,动词的-ing形式可以作状语, 否定式：Not + doing / being,.The Present Participle as Adverbial 1)表方式、伴随情况地状语 ： They went into the classroom laughing and talking. (they went into the classroom, and laughed and talked.) He sat on the sofa, watching TV. (=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.) 与谓语所表示的动作（或状态）同时发生，或是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明。,Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. (=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.),Having finished his homework, he began to play computer games. (=After he had finished his homework, he began to play computer games.),2）表时间状语,3) 表原因状语 Being ill, he didnt go to school. (=Because/As he was ill, he didnt go to school.),Being a student, you should study hard. (=Since you are a student, you should study hard.),4)表条件,Working hard, you will do well in the exam. If you work hard, you will do well in the exam.,5) 表结果 Unfortunately the father died, leaving the family even worse off . Unfortunately the father died and left the family even worse off .,注意：现在分词与不定式都可作结果状语， 试比较： Their car was caught in a traffic, causing the delay. He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.,现在分词作结果状语，表示自然结果， 不定式作状语，表示出乎意料的结果。,试判断下列状语: 1.Tom left home quite early, hoping he could catch the first bus. . , and hoped 2. Not knowing what to do, we asked Mr. Smith for some advice. Because we didnt know 3. Arriving at the station, he found the train had left. When he arrived at,（伴随/方式）,（原因）,（时间）,.现在分词作状语其形式变化,现在分词作状语 要注意它的各种形式变化:,主动形式 被动形式 V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V-ed,一般式,完成式,After he had come out of prison, he couldnt live in peace.,Having come out of prison, he couldnt live in peace.,如果要强调动词-ing 的动作(come out of prison) 发生在谓语动词(live)之前，常用-ing的完成式。,doing - having done,As we hadnt finished the experiment, we planned to carry it on later.,Not having finished the experiment, we planned to carry it on later.,Not having done / been,1. While watching TV, _.,A. the doorbell rang. B. we heard the doorbell ring.,B.,2._from the top of the mountain, the city is more beautiful. A. Seeing B. Seen,B.,用-ing作状语，ing的逻辑主语与句子主语必须保持一致。,3.Hearing the news, _. A. tears came to her eyes B. She burst into tears,B.,试判断下列句子正误: While watching TV, I heard the bell rang. While watching TV, the bell rang.,T,While I was watching TV, I heard the bell rang.,F,While I was watching TV, the bell rang.,注意：现在分词与过去分词都可作状语，如何区别？ 试比较： Seeing from the mountain, we find the city is Small. Seen from the mountain, the city is small.,现在分词与过去分词做状语，主要看句子的主语与分词的关系。如果是主动关系，用现在分词，如果是动宾关系，用过去分词。,. 独立主格结构 动词ing形式的逻辑主语和主句的主语不一致怎么办？,If weather permits, well have an outing next week.,Weather permitting, well have an outing next week. (表条件),独立主格结构 ：名词/代词+非谓语 非谓语的形式只与在它前面的名词或代词有关,.独立成分： 有些现在分词作状语，在句中没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，用来修饰主句，表明说话者的态度、观点等，被称为评论性状语或悬垂分词。 常见的分词短语有： generally(frankly,honestly) speaking, supposing (假设), judging from(从判断), talking of（谈到), speaking of (谈到)， considering (考虑到,鉴于)等。,1.Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys. 2.Supposing you lose, what will you do? 3.Judging from his accent, he must be from the north. 4.Talking of travel, have you ever been to Beijing?,归纳总结： 动词的ing形式作状语： 相当于相应的状语从句 动词的-ing形式的逻辑主语与句子主语必须一致 动词的-ing形式与句子主语之间构词主动关系,1.He got up late and hurried to his office, _the breakfast untouched. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left,2.The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing,【模拟练习】,3.The trainer appeared, _by six little dogs.,4._more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better.,A. Given B. Giving C. Give D. having given,A. to followed B. following C. followed D. having followed,5. Pressed from his parents, and _that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing video games. realizing B. real