期中考试长难句解析,2014-11-20,长难句最常见的形式,一、 复合从句 这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣，使得考生搞不清楚整个句子结构。 其实，不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。,二、 分隔结构,为了调整语气和增加补充信息，平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，有时将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语法成分分隔开来-分隔结构。考试中出现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。 此外，还有一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象，只不过它只是句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。,三、 成分省略,在英语句子中，节约用词是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。 成分省略一般和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。 例如在以than，as引导的比较状语从句中，一些成分往往被省略，会给理解带来一定的影响，而且这类句子出现频率较高，考生需要熟记。,四、 改变语序,改变语序主要指倒装句式。 这种打破相对固定的常规语序的做法，或是为了强调句子的意义表达的重心，或是强调一种表达语气，如虚拟语气、否定语气等。这些句子往往和一些副词、连词相关，有明显的标志。,一、结构分析法,所谓结构分析法，就是通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架。基本步骤是： 首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句； 然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。,1.较复杂的简单句-去枝叶，留主干 （找主谓语 ）,a refrigerator of the future that tells you what to cook with your leftovers and automatically re-orders fresh food is being designed in the UK.,a refrigerator of the future （that tells you what to cook with your leftovers and automatically re-orders fresh food ）is being designed in the UK.,英国正在研制一种未来冰箱，它可以告诉你如何用剩菜做出美味佳肴，而且还可以根据新鲜程度自动调整食物的摆放顺序。,2.并列复合句-找并列连词,The self-cleaning “refrigerator of the future“ will automatically place supermarket home delivery orders when required and move food near its use by date to the front of the shelves.,The self-cleaning “refrigerator of the future“ will automatically place supermarket home delivery orders when required and move food near its use by date to the front of the shelves.,这种自洁式“未来冰箱”会自动下订单让超市送货上门，还会把接近保质期的食物放在搁架的最前面。,This could have referred to either the land of Macedonia ,which has many mountains, or it could have referred to what the Macedonian people look like.,This could have referred to either the land of Macedonia ,(which has many mountains, )or it could have referred to (what the Macedonian people look like. ),Researchers hope the fridge could clean itself, cut down on wasted food and offer up recipes -（ which could be tailored to different countries, cuisines and seasons.）,研究人员希望这种冰箱可以自动清洁、减少食物浪费并提供食谱能够满足不同国家、不同烹饪方法、不同季节的需求。,3：主从复合句的处理方法 找从属连词,Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.,Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual (to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.),whereas引导了一个从句，即 a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave afailing marriage, 而it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriagewas in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.为主句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。,The next time you are complaining about having to ran a mile or two at school,be sure to think of 91-year old Harriet,who not only completed the San Diego marathon on May 31st,but also broke two records,The next time you are complaining about having to ran a mile or two at school, be sure to think of 91-year old Harriet,who not only completed the San Diego marathon on May 31st,but also broke two records. ,二、意群阅读法,即把意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词连接成较完整的信息。 此方法不仅有利于提高阅读速度，而且有利于对句子的整体理解。,When two cars were travelling at 30 mh hit each other, an unbelted driver would meet the windshield with a force equal to diving headfirst into the ground from a height of 10 meters,分析：是状语从句， 是主句， 是with引导的介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。,The planned new features include the ability for refrigerators to scan their shelves to see what is in stock and use this information to both plan meals and automatically place a supermarket food order.,为主句 为不定式作定语修饰the ability 为不定式表目的,The planned new features include the ability for refrigerators （ to scan their shelves） to see what is in stock and use this information to both plan meals and automatically place a supermarket food order. ,方法三：主从复合句的处理方法 找从属连词,Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.,Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.,whereas引导了一个从句，即 a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave afailing marriage, 而it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriagewas in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.为主句，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。,The next time you are complaining about having to ran a mile or two at school,be sure to think of 91-year old Harriet,who not only completed the San Diego