英语基础语法复习,英语五种基本句型,基本句型一： （主谓） 基本句型二： （主谓表） 基本句型三： （主谓宾） 基本句型四： （主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五： （主谓宾宾补 ）,句型1： Subject (主语) Verb (谓语),此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，动词后不可以直接接宾语，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。常见的动词如：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如： 1. The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔书写流利。 Try to give me some examples which are the same drill.,句型2：Subject (主语) Link. V(系动词) Predicate(表语),此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不 能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词，这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如： 1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。 2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 3)We should remain modest at any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。 4) This kind of food tastes terrible.。 5)The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.,2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：,1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。 3)Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。 4) Dont have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物，已经变质了。 5)The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。,Have a try!,请指出下列各句为哪种结构： （主谓）或 （主谓表） Warm up exercises: 1. They talked happily for almost an hour. 2. The weather here is getting hotter and hotter. 3. The player was singing in the playground then. 4. The city at night looks more beautiful. 5. The students should keep quiet in the room 6. The breakfast cooked by mum has gone bad.,SV,SVP,SV,SVP,SVP,SVP,句型3：Subject(主语) Verb (谓语) Object (宾语),这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。例： 1) He took his bag and left.（名词） 他拿着书包离开了。 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时，李雷总能给我帮助。 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.（不定式） 她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。 4) I dont know what I should do next. (从句) 我不知道下一步该干什么 5) She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage. 她失去了在舞台上露面的机会,句型4： Subject(主语)Verb(谓语) Indirect object(间接宾语)Direct object (直接宾语),此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如： 1)Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present. 2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. 3)Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present 这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1)动词 宾语 for sb.； 2)动词 宾语to sb.。, （多指人） （多指物）,1) Please show me your picture. =Please show your picture to me. 请把你的画给我看一下。 2) Ill offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart. =Ill offer a good chance for you as long as you dont lose heart. 又如： He passed me the wonderful gift yesterday. My teacher taught me English She cooked her husband a delicious dinner. My brother told me how to get to the station.,句型5： Subject(主语)Verb (动词)Object (宾语)Complement(补语),此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。这种句型中的“宾语补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。如： 1）You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。（形容词） 2) We made him our monitor.(名词) 我们选他当班长。 3) His father told him not to play in the street. (不定式) 4）My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball. (现在分词),注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，主动语态不带to。如：,1) The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。 2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night. 昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上。 但是使役动词(make, let) 以及感官动词（see, hear, notice, feel, watch) 被动语态加上to . 1)=He was made to do the work by the boss all day. 2)= She was heard to sing in the next room all the time last night.,Go for it ,please!, （主谓宾宾补 ） 1） They kept the room clean. 2) We all call the boy Tom. 3) Our teacher asked us to do morning exercise. 4) The worker painted the wall white. 5) I saw her getting on the bus just now. 6) What made the little girl angry?,Lets go,Ex 1: (S V) 1李明学习很努力。 2.事故是昨天下午发生的。 3春天就要来了. 4我们住在这个城市已有关10年了. 5学生们学习很努力。 6 她再次向我道歉。 7事故是昨天晚上发生的。,Li Ming works very hard.,The accident happened yesterday afternoon,Spring is coming.,We have lived in the city for ten years,The students work very hard.,She apologized to me again.,The accident happened yesterday evening.,Ex 2:( SVP),1.这是本英汉辞典。 2.午餐的气味很好。 3.他堕入了情网。 4. 一切看来都不同了。 5.他长得又高又壮。 6.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. 我们的井干枯了。 8. 他的脸红了。,This is an English-Chinese dictionary.,The dinner smells good.,He fell in love.,Everything looks diff