Unit 12 Life is full of unexpected.,Section A,Objectives,Learn how to narrate past events.,1a,Look at the pictures. What happened to the girl?,1. By the time I got up, my brother _ already _ in the shower. 2. By the time I got outside, the bus _ already _. 3. When I got to school, I realized I _ _ my backpack at home.,1b,Listen to Mary talking about her morning. Complete the sentences.,had,gotten,had,left,had,left,通过刚才的听力训练，你来总结一下。 （1）By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower. By the time I got outside, the bus had already left. When I got to the school, I realized I had left my backpack at home. 这三句话是什么时态的句子?_ （2）过去完成时表示在过去某个时间,或动作之前 已经发生或完成的动作。即“_”。 结构为：_ 3）by the time 意思是 _, = when, 后接过去时的句子时, 主语的谓语动词用_。,观察与思考：,过去的过去,过去完成时,had +过去分词,在 时候,过去完成时,过去完成时,By Villa,看time line来比较过去完成时与一般过去时的不同，也比较两种时态。,构成：had+过去分词,过去完成时态,The Past Perfect Tense,定义：过去完成时是一个相对的时态，表示的时间是过去的过去。只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到这个时态。这个时态常常用于宾语从句中。,用法：,1. 过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态。在强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。,过去完成时：,在强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。,1.他说他以前见过你。,He said that he _ (see) you before.,had seen,2. 到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。,By six oclock they _(work) for eight hours.,had worked,2. 过去完成时词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续 或将继续下去。,By six oclock they _ (work)for eight hours.,When I came to GZ , he _(be) there for a long time.,用法：,1. 到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。,2. 我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。,had worked,had been,3.到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。,By the middle of last month we _(live) in Beijing for five years.,had lived,The Past Perfect Tense 过去完成时,常用于: （1）含介词by到为止, before 等时间短语的句中. （2）连词when, by the time ，before 等引导的时间状语从句的主句中. （3）用于主过从过的从句中. I realized he had already left here.,We had learnt 20 English songs by the end of last month.,The plane had taken off when I reached the airport. By the time I got up , my brother had left home.,1. 到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。,By yesterday evening he _ (write) that letter.,2. 他说他以前见过你。,He said that he _(see) you before.,3. 当我进来时，他已做完了作业。,When I came in he _(finish) his homework.,记住时间状语： by then(截止到那时); by 9 oclock(直到九点钟) by the end of (在结束/末之前); by the time(在时之前); by +过去时间点 up till then (直到那时); up until last night(直到昨晚）等连用，表示过去的过去。,had written,had seen,had finished,3. 过去完成时和 already, just, ever, yet 等连用表示过去的过去。,用法：,例如：1. 他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。,He told me that his team _ already _ (win).,had,won,2. 她说她仍没去过长城。,She said that she _(not go to) the Great Wall yet.,hadnt been to,用法：,过去完成时与when, before, as soon as, till/ until 等引导时间状语的从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后。,例如：1. 她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。,When she got home her children _(sleep).,had slept,2. 在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。,Before they arrived here the film _ already _ (start).,had,started,Last night, as soon as I _ (finish) my work I went to sleep.,3. 我完成作业了就去睡觉了。,had finished,过去完成时和 already, just, ever, yet 等连用表示过去的过去。,用法：,例如：1. 他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。,He told me that his team _ already _ (win).,had,won,2. 她说她仍没去过长城。,She said that she _(not go to) the Great Wall yet.,hadnt been to,3. 到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。,By yesterday evening he _ (write) that letter.,4. 他说他以前见过你。,He said that he _(see) you before.,5. 当我进来时，他已做完了作业。,When I came in， he _(finish) his homework.,had written,had seen,had finished,1. 她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。,When she got home her children， _(sleep).,2. 在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。,Before they arrived here， the film _ already _ (start).,had slept,had,started,练习：用所给词的适当形式填空 1) When they got to the station, the train _ (leave). 2) By the time she got to class, the teacher _ already _ (start) teaching. 3) she realized she _ (forget) to lock the door. 4）When he _ (get) to the cinema, the film_ (begin).,had left,had,started,had forgotten,got,had begun,1. After he _ (finish) his work he went out.,had finished,2. The children ran away after they _ (break) the window.,had broken,3. I went to Toms house but he _ (go) out.,had gone,Exercises:,4. Annie told me that his father _ ( go ) to Paris and he _ ( come ) back in a few days.,had gone,would come,5. My friend _ (buy) the car two years ago. He _ (buy) it for two years.,bought,has had,Practice,1c,Take turns being Mary. Look at the pictures and talk about what happened this morning.,I overslept. By the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.,What happened?,oversleep (overslept, overslept) v. 睡过头；睡得太久 复合词中的over常有“过于”之意 Dont oversleep, Dean! You are to be late.,2a,Listen to Mary continue her story. Number the pictures 1-4 in the correct order.,4,3,1,2,2b,Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Then listen again and check your answers.,1. When I