特殊句式(强调，倒装)强调句型一基本句型It is+被强调部分+that/who/whom.可强调主、宾、状(时状/地状/方状)、谓、不能定语I met Tom on the street yesterday.主 宾 地状 时状It was I whoIt was Tom whomIt was yesterday thatIt was on the street that若强调谓语，用did/do/does强调;若祈使句强调，在开头加doI did meet Tom注：改写时保持主谓一致It is I who isam to blame for the accident.It is/was not untilthat (不倒装) 比：Not until +从句(不倒装)+助动词+主(半倒装)+.二强调句型的一般疑问句/特殊疑问句Is/Was it+被强调部分+that.?Who/What/When/Where/How+ is/was it that?What is it that you want me to say?三强调状语从句的表达1. I was hit by a car when I was crossing the road?It was when I was crossing the road that I was hit by a car.2. You can find the book where you left it.It is where you left book that you can find it.3. I didnt receive the managers reply until nearly a month later.介词+短语作时间短语，此时until为介词It was not until nearly a month later that I received the mangers reply.4. I didnt go to bed until he came back.后为句子，until为连词引导时状It was not until he came back that I went to bed.注：若为持续性动词，则一定用until；若为短暂性动词，则一定用not until四强调主从、宾从的表达1. What she did made me very angry.It was what she did that made me very angry.2. I was very angry at what she said.It was what she said that I was very angry at.五强调句中含其它从句的表达1. We are living in an age when things are done computer.It is an age when many things are done on computer that we are living in.2.There were dirty marks on her trousers where he had had wiped he hands.It was on her trousers where she had wiped her hands that there were dirty.六其它比：It was 6:00 when I came back.It was at 6:00 that I came back.It is 6 years since I left here. 我离开这里已六年(since 后接可持续动词时，从动作的结束开始算;接短暂性动词时，即是原意) 倒装句一全部倒装1. there,here,now,then,thus等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run,stand,fall 等的一般现在时或一般过去时Then came the age of knowledge economy.There goes the bell.Here comes the bus. 注：主语是代词时不倒装 Here we are.2. 表示方位的副祠或拟声词in,out,away,off,up,down,below,ahead等，表示位置转移的动词的一般过去时.Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.Bang! Bang! Bang! Came the knocks at the door.注：如果主语是代词时，用正常语序 Back he went again.3. 表方位的介词短语或副词（作表语，状语）位于句首时On the hill stands a great castle.In this chapter will be found a partial answer.Above is a young couple who moved in not long ago.4. Such 作表语时，位句首Such was Albert Einstein a simple man and the 20th century greatest scientist.Such are the facts.二半倒装1. Only+ adv/ 介词短语/ 状语从句Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing.Only in this way can we solve the problems.Only after I failed in the exam did I realise the importance of studies.注：强调主语时，不能倒装。Only some of the students realised the importance of studies.2. not only(but also) 放在句首时 Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.3. not until 放在句首时He didnt leave the room until the rain had stopped. Not until the rain had stopped did he leave the room.4. hardly/scarcely.when或 no sooner.than 句型中 hardly/ scarcely/ no sooner 放在句首时I had hardly/scarcely get home when it began to rain= I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.Hardly/ Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.= No sooner had I get home than it began to rain.5. not, never, seldom, rarely, little, nowhere, neither, nor, no longer 等表否定的副词位于句首时Not a single mistake did he make.Never shall i forgive him.Little does he care about what others think.Nowhere else can you find such a beautiful palace.I have not met Ann, nor do i have any desire to meet her.I havent been to Newyork and neither/nor has my sister. (= and my sister has either.)6. at no time, in no way, on no condition, by no means, on no account 等表否定意义的介词短语放在句首时At no time has our country been more prosperous than now.In no way am I responsible for what has happened.7. so+ adj(全倒）/ adv(半倒)So hard did he study that he easily passed the exam.So small was the mark I could hardly see it.So much does he worry about his financial that he cant sleep at night.8. Many a + n单, 放在句首时。以How many times 为开头的感叹句。Many a time have I stood there waitting for a bus.How many times have I told you not to stand on that chair!9. If 从句中的if 省略时If I were you, I were marry him.= Were I you,.If I had known you were coming, i would have stayed home.= Had I known you were coming, .注：as 引导让步状语从句时的特殊语序Child as he is, he is very brave.Try as he would, he would not move the rock.比较结构一同等程度比较：1. as/so+形容词或副词原级+as-分词 补：asas结构变体as much/many +名词+as-分句He took as much butter as he needed.He didnt take so/as much butter as he needed.as+形容词原级+名词词组+as-分句Tom is as efficient a worker as Jack.=Tom is a worker (who is) as efficient as Jack.Hardly ever have I heard as impressive music as this.=Hardly ever have I heard music as impressive as this.2. not+比较级+than (并不比更）3. no less +原级+than (和一样)John is as bright as Bob.John behave