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Grammar,sentences,句子成份, 句子一般由两个部分组成:,主语部分( subject group),谓语部分( predicate group), 句子成份:,主,谓,宾,表,补,定,状,Members of sentence: S - subject P - predicative O - object Attri.-attribute Adv.- adverb Oc - object complement,主,宾,表,宾补,定,状,1) 主语(subject),I like football.,The boy needs a pen.,句子的主体,全句述说的对象。一般由 担任,常置于句首。,2) 谓语(predicate),说明主语的动作或状态。由 担任。 常置于主语后。,The train leaves at 6 oclock.,I want a ticket.,动词不定式,动名词 或从句,名词,主格代词,动词,3) 宾语(object),4) 表语(predicative),He won the game. On the desk,表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。 由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。,Tome lost his life in the big fire.,He is a student.,用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。 由n.或adj.担任。置于系动词之后。,除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词, 1)表感官的动词: 2) 表转变变化的动词: 3)表延续的动词,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。,become, get, grow, turn, go,等,remain, keep, stay等。,5) 宾补(objective complement),补充说明宾语的情况 。 由n. /adj. /介宾 /分词 /不定式等担任。,They made him king., ,I consider the book too expensive., ,6) 定语(attributive) 对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用的表示,通常位于被修饰的成分前。,The black bike is mine.,( ),说明1:当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语 我告诉他一些有趣的事情。 I tell him something interesting . 说明2:不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。 这间屋子里的男孩子们是10班的。 The students in the room are in Class Nine.,7) 状语(adverbial),用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首; 修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前; 表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首, 一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。,I am very sorry. We often help him. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . (从句作时间状语),句子类型,简单句,并列句,复合句,.简单句,1. Things changed. 2. Trees are green. 3. We dont beat children. 4. He gave his sister the piano. 5. I found the book easy.,主 + 谓,主 + 谓 + 表,主 + 谓 + 宾,主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语, ,主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补,Nobody went. She became a doctor. The car caught fire. I will write you a long letter. I will let him go.,Practice, ,主 + 谓,主 + 谓 + 表,主 + 谓 + 宾,主 + 谓 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语,主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补,.并列句,This is me and these are my friends. They must stay in water, or they will die. Its not cheap, but it is very good. It was late, so I went to bed.,and,or,but,so,He knocked at the door; there was no answer. Youre alive! And shes dead.,名词性从句,状语从句,定语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,.复合句,A plane is a machine that can fly.,He said that he didnt like her.,状语从句,分为九类:时间、地点、原因、结果、 目的、条件、让步、方式、程度,1) 时间状语从句,Wait until you are called. When spring came, leaves turn green.,常用的关联词有:as, after, before, since, till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等,2) 地点状语从句,Put it where you found it. Sit down wherever you like.,常用的关联词有:where, wherever, anywhere,3) 原因状语从句,As I didnt know the way, I asked a policeman,常用的关联词有:because, as, since,4) 结果状语从句,I was in the bath so that I didnt hear the telephone.,常用的关联词有:so, so that, such that,5) 目的状语从句,Ill show you so you will see how its done.,常用的关联词有:so, so that, in order that,6) 条件状语从句,If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.,常用的关联词有:if, unless, in case that, on condition that,常用的关联词有:though, although, even if, even though,7) 让步状语从句,Though Im fond of music,I cant play any instrument.,常用的关联词有:as, as if, as though, how,常用的关联词有:so, so that, as far as, so long as,8) 方式状语从句,He did just as you told him.,9) 程度状语从句,So long as you need me, Ill stay.,名词性从句,1) 主语从句,* What he said is not known. * That we shall be late is certain. * It is certain that we shall be late. * How strange it is that the children are so quiet!,2)表语从句,* That is what he wants to buy. * The problem is that who we can get to replace her? * The reason is that he has lied to me several times.,3) 宾语从句,* I understand that he is well qualified. * He said that he didnt like her. * I dont know if you can help me.,4) 同位语从句,* Where did you get the idea that I couldnt come? * The question who should do the work requires consideration. * Mother made a promise that she would buy me a new coat.,the idea,The question,a promise,注意!,* that与what都可以引导名词性从句。 * what在从句中充当句子成份(主,宾,表)。 * That在句中只起连接作用,不充当成份。 * that在引导名词性从句时不可省略(宾语从句除外).,That is what he wants to buy. That we shall be late is certain. He said (that) he didnt like her.,引导词that & what,Grammar,sentences,END !,
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