Unit 1 safety management systemAccident causation models 事故致因理论Safety management 安全管理Physical conditions 物质条件Machine guarding 机械保护装置House-keeping 工作场所管理Top management 高层管理人员Human errors 人因失误Accident-proneness models 事故倾向模型Munitions factory 军工厂Causal factors 起因Risking taking 冒险行为Corporate culture 企业文化Loss prevention 损失预防Process industry 制造工业Hazard control 危险控制Intensive study 广泛研究Organizational performance 企业绩效Mutual trust 相互信任Safety officer 安全官员Safety committee 安全委员会Shop-floor 生产区Unionized company集团公司Seniority 资历、工龄Local culture 当地文化Absenteeism rate 缺勤率Power relations 权力关系Status review 状态审查Lower-level management低层管理者Business performance组织绩效Most senior executive高级主管Supervisory level 监督层Safety principle 安全规则Wall-board 公告栏Implement plan 执行计划Hazard identification危险辨识Safety performance 安全性能One comprehensive definition for an organizational culture has been presented by Schein who has said the organizational culture is “a pattern of basic assumptions invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration that has worked well enough to be considered valid and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems”译文：Schein给出了组织文化的广泛定义，他认为组织文化是由若干基本假设组成的一种模式，这些假设是由某个特定团体在处理外部适应问题与内部整合问题的过程中发明、发现或完善的。由于以这种模式工作的有效性得到了认可，因此将它作为一种正确的方法传授给新成员，让他们以此来认识、思考和解决问题指适应外部与整合内部的过程中的问题。The safety culture of an organization is the product of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies, and patterns of behavior that determine the commitment to, and the style and proficiency of , an organizations health and safety management.译文：组织的安全文化由以下几项内容组成：个人和群体的价值观、态度、观念、能力和行为方式。这种行为方式决定了个人或团体对组织健康安全管理的责任，以及组织健康安全管理的形式和熟练程度。Unit 2 System Safety EngineeringSystem safety engineering系统安全工程By-product 附带产生的结果Engineering practice 工程实践Safety problem 安全问题Accelerating technology快速发展的技术Safety effort 安全投入Systems life cycle 系统的生命周期System effectiveness系统有效性Logical reasoning 逻辑推理Potential accident 潜在事故Accident cause 事故原因Logical programming合理的规划System hazard系统危害Safety input安全投入Inherently safe system本质安全系统Schedule delays进度拖延Concept phase初步计划阶段Safety criteria安全标准Government regulations 政府管制System operation系统运行System analysis系统分析System design系统设计Aid in有助于Equipment specifications设备说明Maintenance plans 维护计划Safety problems安全问题Development phase发展阶段Operation phase运行阶段Performance reviews绩效评估Disposal phase处理阶段Intuitive process直觉过程Make decisions做决定Hazard control危险控制Protective apparel防护服Engineering solutions工程方法/手段Protective devices保护装置Warning devices报警装置Incorrect interpretation误解Hazardous material危险物质Work area layout工业区布局Educational solutions教育方法/手段Training sessions培训会议Safety promotion programs安全促进项目Administrative solutions行政方法/手段Personnel selection人员选择Safety shoes安全鞋Safety belt安全带Safety glasses防护眼镜Accident prevention事故预防Technical system技术系统Responsible official负责人Hazard analysis is not an intuitive process. For an analysis to be meaningful, it must be logical, accurate, descriptive of the system, and based on valid assumptions. Its success largely depends on the skill and knowledge of those conducting the analysis. Anyone who has a thorough, working knowledge of both the system under consideration and the analysis technique to be used may perform a hazard analysis. In practice, the efforts of several persons with varying backgrounds are usually required to assure that meaningful and comprehensive hazard information is obtained.译文：危险分析过程不是凭直觉就能完成的。对于一个有意义的分析，必须在有效的假设基础上对系统进行合理的、准确的描述。它的成功主要取决于进行分析的人所具有的技能与知识。只要对被研究的系统和用于分析的技术有全面的了解，任何人都可以进行危险分析。在实践过程中，要想获得全面而有价值的危险信息，必须要一些具有不同知识背景的人共同努力才行。System safety engineering is a relatively new approach to accident prevention. Its concepts and techniques have evolved from efforts to improve the safety of the complex technical systems that are common in todays society. It is based on the ideas that accidents result from a number of interacting causes within a system, and that each cause and interaction can be logically identified, evaluated, and controlled. Through the logical application of scientific and management principles over the life cycle of a system, system safety engineering attempts to achieve an optimum degree of safety.译文：安全系统工程是一个相对较新的预防事故的方法。它的概念和相关技术是在人们提高当今普遍存在的复杂技术系统安全性的各种努力过程中逐渐发展而来的。它基于这样一个思想，即所有的事故都是系统内大量相互作用的原因造成的，理论上，各种原因及相互作用都能被识别、评估，并得到控制。通过在系统的生命周期内合理的应用科学的管理原则，系统安全工程就有望获得最佳的安全程度。The efforts necessary to achieve the desired degree of safety are usually organized into formal programs. The objective of such programs