Cultural relics李仕才一、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 (2018沈阳市下学期高三第三次模拟考试试题)Wild elephants can tell whether a voice comes from a man，a woman or a boy，a new study says.Thats what researchers found when they played recordings of people for elephants in Kenya.Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals havent shown.It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isnt.The result shows that the clever animals are also studying people，said study author Karen McComb.“Basically，they have developed this very rich knowledge of the humans that they share their habitat with，” said McComb，a professor at the University of Sussex in England.“Memory is key.They must build up that knowledge somehow.”The study was released on Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Its close to but not quite like the Dr.Seuss book，where the elephant Horton hears something that others cant hear.McComb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya，where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans，sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water.The scientists used voice recordings of Maasai men，who on occasion kill elephants，and Kamba men，who are less of a threat to the elephants.As a result，the elephants reacted more defensivelyretreating and gathering in a bunchto the Maasai language recording because it was associated with the more threatening human tribe，said study coauthor Graeme Shannon.They repeated the experiment with recordings of Maasai men and women.Since women almost never spear elephants，the animals reacted less defensively to the womens voices.The same thing happened when they substituted young boys voices.“Making this kind of fine distinctions in human voice patterns is quite remarkable，” said Emory University animal cognition expert Frans de Waal，who was not part of the study.1Who were the people taking part in the study?AFrans de Waal and Karen McComb.BDr.Seuss and Graeme Shannon.CGraeme Shannon and Frans de Waal.DKaren McComb and Graeme Shannon.2What can wild elephants benefit from their special ability?AIdentifying and avoiding possible danger.BGrowing much faster than any other animals.CHaving a better understanding of humans.DDeveloping their language skills.3Which can replace the underlined word“substituted”in the last paragraph? Adistinguished BrepeatedCused Dcompared4What does the passage mainly talk about?AWild elephants can distinguish human languages.BThe conflict between humans and wild elephants is growing.CWild elephants use language skills to make discrimination.DWild elephants can build up good memory and learn tricks.【解题导语】研究表明野生大象能够识别男、女和男孩的声音，它们通过思维区分声音并判断谁能对他们产生威胁。【难句分析】McComb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya，where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans，sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water.分析：这是一个复合句。where引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语；sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water作伴随状语。译文：McComb和同事去了位于肯尼亚的安博塞利国家公园，在那里有成百上千头野象与人类一起生活，他们有时因为水资源匮乏而发生冲突。1D考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的“study author Karen McComb”和第六段中的“study coauthor Graeme Shannon”可知，Karen McComb和Groeme Shannon都参加了研究，故选D项。2A考查推理判断。根据文章第一段中的“Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals havent shown.It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isnt”可知，这种高等的思维方式使野象能够分辨出谁能对他们造成威胁，这样它们可以避免可能的危险，故A项是正确的。3C考查词义猜测。画线词所在句中的“The same thing happened”指的是前一句中的“the animals reacted less defensively to the womens voices”，画线词所在句讲的是野象对年轻男孩的声音做出的反应，说明当时研究者在对野象播放年轻男孩的声音，选C项。4A考查主旨大意。根据文章第一句“Wild elephants can tell whether a voice comes from a man，a woman or a boy”和全文内容可知，野象能够通过人的声音区分不同人类群体的性别和年龄，故选A项(野象能够区分人类的语言)。二、单句语法填空1(2017北京高考)The little problems _ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.答案：that分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the little problems，且从句中缺少宾语，故用that。2(2017天津高考)My eldest son, _ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.答案：whose分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，且与其后名词存在所属关系，故应用whose。3Mr Reed _ (select) to represent us in the meeting has been sent to have a talk with them.答案：selected由句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语。select与其所修饰的Mr Reed之间为逻辑上的被动关系，因此填selected。4It was clearly _(evidence) that the company was in great difficulties.答案：evidentIt is/was evident that . 是常用句型，意为“很明显”。5Perhaps the most difficult challenge is how _(survive) without friends in life.答案：to survive“疑问词动词不定式”在本句中作表语，how to survive “怎么生存”。6I dont really fancy _ (do) business with him.答案：doingfancy doing . “想要做”。7He was severely criticized and _ (remove) from his post.答案：removedremove sb. from his post “开除某人”，此处是被动语态，因此填removed。8It is said that the early European playing cards _ (design) for entertainment and education.答案：were designedbe designed for “为而设计”。9We _(face) the difficulty together, but why d