1,供應鏈規劃與執行模組,世新大學資管系 鄒慶士 副教授,2,Agenda,Overview/Features of SCM Supply Chain Network Design Advanced Planning and Scheduling Shop Floor Control MES/MCS,3,Enterprise functional silos with conflicting goals,Purchasing,Manufacturing,Distribution,Customer Service/ Sales,Few change- overs Stable schedules Long run lengths,High inventories High service levels Regional stocks,Low pur-chase price Multiple vendors,Low invent-ories Low trans-portation,Overview of SCM - Issues,4,Overview and targets of SCM,Definition of Supply Chain Management: Supply Chain Management describes all kind of activities across multiple companies or locations to optimize the manufacturing of products. Hereby concerning all interfaces on operational and strategic level for involved associates.,Main focus,Development of heterogeneous global production networks Increased integration of advanced technologies,Minimzing costs for inventories and deliveries Long term relationships (customer / supplier binding) Customer satisfaction,By,ERP - Basis SCM - Tools Internet,5,Overview and targets of SCM,Buys Ingredients and Components,Makes a Product,Moves it to a Distribution Center,Stores it at Distribution Centers,Stores it in a Warehouse,Moves it to Stores,Stores it in the Store,Sells it to Consumers,Multi Enterprise Supply Chains,Source: I2-Technologies,6,Overview and targets of SCM,Integration of suppliers in planning in consideration of.,Suppliers inventories Suppliers manufacturing capacities Transport times and capacities,Reduction of own inventories,7,Integrated planning of supply chains leads to Reduction of inventories Cost savings Capability to meet promised delivery dates Increased customer satisfaction Intensified customer binding Perspective to extend the sales market,Overview and targets of SCM,8,Prerequisites for success,No management method guarantees itself for success Type of product leads to special type of supply chain,Primarily functional products Dont change much over time Long life cycles Predictable demand Stability invites competition Leads often to low profit margins,Primarily innovative products Enables higher profit margins Short life cycle (typically few month) Volatile demand Newness makes demand unpredictable Importance of early sales,9,Prerequisites for success,Primarily functional products Supply at lowest costs to predictable demand High utilization rate of capacity Minimize inventories Short lead time as it doesnt increase costs Select suppliers primarily for costs and quality Physical efficiency Minimize costs by Physical efficiency,Primarily innovative products Respond quickly to unpredictable demand Deploy excess buffer capacity Deploy significant buffer stocks Invest aggressively to reduce lead time Select suppliers primarily for speed, flexibility and quality Responsiveness to market Minimize costs by Highest responsiveness to market Minimize risk of shortages or excess supply,10,Prerequisites for success,Use of SCM software tools like APO,11,Prerequisites for success,12,SCM Business Processes,Technology helps enable a variety of SCM business processes Push to pull Process orientation Optimization Postponement More frequent planning Collaboration,13,Move from push to pull manufacturing,Manufacturers,Distributors/ Wholesalers,Consumers,Suppliers,Retailers,Make what we will sell, not sell what we will make!,Features of SCM,14,Move from functional silos to process-oriented business processes (e.g., order-to-cash, cash-to-cash),Features of SCM,15,Optimization of all supply chain activities,Independent, Sequential Planning,Features of SCM,16,Postponement Move to MTO,ATO and CTO from MTS Front-end APS suites support ATP/CTP Product configuration Back-end integration to transaction systems,International Trade Logistics,Warehouse Management,Advanced Planning Scheduling,Customer Relationship Management,Logistics,Manufacturing,Materials Management,Accounting,Human Resources,ERP,Features of SCM,SCM,17,More frequent planning means responsive to changing customer needs while decreasing inventories,Time,Time,Average Supply,Average Supply,Planning Cycle,Planning Cycle,Features of SCM,18,e-Business will enable supply chain collaboration among trading partners,Manufacturer,Distributors/ Wholesalers,Suppliers,Retailers,Features of SCM,Logistics Providers,19,Components of E-Supply Chain,Supply-chain replenishment E-procurement Collaborative planning Collaborative product development E-logistics Supply webs,20,Evolution of IT,AR,AP,GL,Payroll,MRP,FMIS,HR,MRPII,Scheduling,planning,Distribution,ERP,APS/SCM,EIS,EDI,E-Commerce,BI,CRM,E-Business,21,Agenda,22,Manufacturers,Wholesale Distributors,Suppliers,Customers,Information Flows,Goods Flow,Supply Chain Network Design,Retailers,Location decision Capacity decision Assignment decision,23,Strategic Planning Problems,Which products shall be produced at which locations? How are customer