环境概论 Introduction to Environment,董方 dongfangmail.ustc.edu.cn 土木与水利工程学院,第1讲 Introduction , Ecosystem and Energy 概述, 生态系统与能量,本课程主要参考书之一,Environment 4/e Raven & Berg A leading textbook on environment,Peter H. Raven,Peter H. Raven is one of the worlds leading botanists and advocates of conservation and biodiversity. For three decades, he has headed the Missouri Botanical Garden, an institution he nurtured into a world-class center for botanical research and education, and horticultural （园艺）display. Described by Time magazine as a “Hero for the Planet,“ Raven champions research around the world to preserve endangered plants and is a leading advocate for conservation and a sustainable environment. In recognition of his work in science and conservation, Raven is the recipient of numerous prizes and awards, including the prestigious International Prize for Biology from the government of Japan , the U.S. National Medal of Science, the countrys highest award for scientific accomplishment, and the Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement. Raven was a member of President Bill Clintons Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology. He also served for 12 years as home secretary of the National Academy of Sciences and is a member of the academies of science in Argentina, Brazil, China, Denmark, India, Italy, Mexico, Russia, Sweden, the U.K., and several other countries.,大师说为何学环境,The challenge of creating and maintaining a sustainable environment is probably the single most pressing issue that will confront students throughout their lives. Today, environmental science is not only relevant to students personal experiences but also vital to the future of the entire planet. As humans increasingly alter Earths land, water, and atmosphere on local, regional, and global levels, the resulting environmental problems can seem insurmountable. Armed with the proper tools, however, students need not find these issues overwhelming. Environment, fourth edition, equips students with the most essential of these tools: a working knowledge of the ecological concepts that underlie environmental problems. The overarching concept of environmental sustainability has never been more important to the field of environmental science than it is today. We have therefore made sustainability a central theme of Environment by integrating it throughout the text.,Part 1, Humans in the Environment环境中的人类, introduces environmental science and current environmental concerns. The three chapters in this section also develop the scientific process and examine policies, and environmental ethics affect the environment. Our Changing Environment 变化的环境 Using Science to Address Environmental Problems应用科学处理环境问题 Environmental History, Legislation环境历史与立法,Part 2, The World We Live in我们所住的世界, provides a detailed introduction to basic ecological principles. This part, which consists of four chapters, is organized around the ecosystem, which is the fundamental unit of ecology. 4. Ecosystems and Energy生态系统与能量 5. Ecosystem and Living Organism生态系统与有机生物 6. Ecosystems and the Physical Environment生态系统与自然环境 7. Major Ecosystems of the World 全球主要生态系统,Part 3, A Crowded World拥挤的世界, discusses the principles of population ecology and emphasizes the fact that human populations comply with the same principles of population ecology as other organisms. The two chapters in this part also examine urbanization and other sociological and cultural factors that affect human population growth. Understanding Population Change认识人口变化 Facing the Problem of Overpopulation面对人口爆炸问题,Part 4, The Search for Energy寻求能源, considers the environmental impact of the human quest for energy. This part, which consists of three chapters, discusses key issues associated with the use of fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewable energy sources. 10. Fossil Fuels化石燃料 Nuclear Energy核能 Renewable Energy and Conservation可再生能源与保护,Part 5, Our Precious Resources我们宝贵资源, examines the overuse and abuse of natural resources. The six chapters in this section explore resource issues and dilemmas involving water, soil, mineral, biological resources, land and food production. 13. Water: A Fragile Resources水:脆弱的资源 Soils and Their Preservation土壤与保护 Minerals: A nonrenewable Resource矿藏:不可再生的资源 Preserving Earths Biological Diversity保护地球的生物多样性 Land Resources and Conservation土地资源与保护 Food Resources: A Challenge for Agriculture粮食资源:农业的挑战,Part 6, Environmental Concerns环境关注点, review the effects of local, regional, and global pollution. We discuss the problems associated with air pollution, acid deposition, global climate change, stratospheric ozone destruction, water and soil pollution, pesticide pollution, and soil and hazardous wastes. Air Pollution空气污染 Regional and Global Atmospheric Changes地区与全球大气变化 Water and Soil Pollution水与土壤污染 The Pesticide Dilemma杀虫剂困惑 Solid and Hazardous Wastes固体危险废料,Part 7, Tomorrows World明日世界, concludes book with a single chapter that presents the opinions of authors on social responsibilities, identifying so