Grammar,主谓一致,主谓一致,语法一致,意义 一致,就近一致,主语为单数，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。,主语形式为单数，意义是复数，谓语用复数；主语形式为复数，意义是单数，谓语用单数。,谓语的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。,This table is made of wood. Both parties have their own advantages. How delicious the soup is!,语法一致,意义一致,Our family is a happy one. The family are early risers. Every possible means has been tried, but in vain. All possible means have been tried, but in vain.,Either my grandsons or their father is coming. No one except his daughters agrees with him. Mary and her sisters are baking a cake. Neither Richard nor I am going.,就近一致,一、以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题, 表示整体概念，强调一致性，谓语动词用单数形式；表示个体概念，强调每一个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集合名词有family，group，class，grade，team，army，nation，crowd，population，company，government，committee(委员会)等。,His family is a big one, and the whole family love sports.,通常作复数的集体名词,包括police, people, cattle等，这些集体名词通常用作复数。 The British police have only very limited powers. The cattle are grazing in the fields. 牛在田里吃草。 graze vt. (让动物)吃草,一、以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题,. 通常作不可数名词的集体名词 无生命的集合名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。machinery(机械)，clothing(衣服)，luggage(行李)，furniture(家具)，equipment(设备)，jewelry(珠宝)等作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates. 气候寒冷的地区需要暖和的衣物。 All the furniture has been moved to another room. 所有家具已经被搬到另外一个房间里。 My luggage was sent by air.,一、以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题,英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es，但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词。它们用法多样，造成了实际使用上的困难，以下详述了以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题。,二、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题,以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语，如：arthritis, bronchitis, diabetes, 等，谓语动词通常用作单数。,二、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题,以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语时，谓语动词通常用作单数。 e.g. Darts is basically a easy game.,以-s结尾的地理名称如果是国名，如the United States，the Netherlands等，因其是单一政治实体，所以谓语动词用作单数。 The United States was hit by the Great Depression in the 1930s. 注意：the United Nations 联合国（作主语时，看成复数）,二、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题,以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语，如physics, mathematics, politics,等, 谓语动词通常用作单数。 Physics is a fundamental subject in science.,二、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题,英语中还有一些以- s结尾的名词，如arms, clothes, contents, fireworks, goods, minutes, remains, stairs, suburbs, thanks, wages这类名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。, 以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名称作主语 英语中有一些通常以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名词，如glasses, scissors, shorts, trousers等，这类名词做主语，如果不带“一把”、“一副”等单位词，谓语动词通常用复数。 Marys glasses are new.,二、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题,如果带有单位词，则由单位词决定动词的单、复数形式。 One pair of shorts isnt enough. Two pairs of scissors are missing from my tool box.,单复数同形的名词与谓语动词的一致 单复数同形的名词作主语，要根据上下文的意义以及修饰这些词的词来确定其谓语形式，常见的这部分名词有crossroads, deer, fish, headquarters, means, series, sheep, species, works等。,二、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题,The crossroads is/are dangerous. Every means has been tried. 各种方法都试过了。 All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的方法都试过了,注意：work 意为“著作”时， one work 一部作品； two works 两部作品。 works 意为“工厂”， 单复数同形。,三、主语是并列结构，主谓一致问题,平行结构,Either A or B Neither A nor B Not only A but also B Not A but B A or B,+ 动词, 当主语是由下列连词连接的词组时，谓语动词实施“就近原则”，即主语的单复数问题根据B判断。,三、主语是并列结构，主谓一致问题,Neither the teacher nor the students (want) to have classes on Sunday.,Not only the students but also the teacher _ _(wish)for holidays.,want,wishes,注意：there be结构依然是就近原则。 There is a pen and two books on the table. There are two books and a pen on the table.,三、主语是并列结构，主谓一致问题,+ 动词,当主语后跟有(with等）引起的短语时，谓语动词与主语(A)保持一致。即“就远原则”。,with besides but/except together with along with as well as,A+ +B+,三、主语是并列结构，主谓一致问题,由and连接的两个词指同一人、同一物、同一事或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The bread and butter is served for breakfast. 早餐供应黄油面包。 The professor and poet is going to give us a talk. 那个教授兼诗人要给我们作个报告。 The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.,注意：由and连接两个事物或人时，一般情况视为复数。A young man and a girl want to go there.,三、主语是并列结构，主谓一致问题,凡是由each.and each.，every.and every.，no.and no.，many a.and many a连接名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,Each man and each woman has a chance to be raised in our company.在我们公司每个人都有机会得到提拔。 Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education. 男孩和女孩都有受教育的权利。 = Every boy and girl has the right to receive education. Many a boy and many a girl has seen it. 许许多多的男孩和女孩都已看到它了。 No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag. 书包里没有书和钢笔。,三、主语是并列结构，主谓一致问题,many a和more than one（不止一个）后加单数名词表示复数意义，但谓语动词用单数形式。,Many a way has been tried. 已尝试过多种方法了。 More than one teacher has got a computer. 不止一位老师有电脑。,表示“总量”或“总和”的时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。,四、表示数量概念的名词词组作主语，主谓一致问题,Twenty thousand dollars is a large amount of money. 两万美元是很大的一笔钱。,Two thousand kilometers _ not a long distance.,is,分数、百分数或rest等作主语，根据其所代表的具体事物判断谓语动词的单复数形式。 half of, part of, most of, a portion of (一份) 等词引起主语时，动词通常与of后面的名词、代词保持一致。,四、表示数量概念的名词词组作主语，主谓一致问题,The rest of money has been saved. The rest of the books were put on the shelf. Most of his money is spent on books. Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.,主谓倒装，注意谓语动词的单复数形式。 Between the two windows hangs a picture.,五、主谓一致的其他问题,the+形容词/过去分词， 表示一类人，多看成复数。 The sick here are very well cared for.,the following作主语时，谓语动词的数和后面名词的数保持一致。 The following are good examples.,当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。 The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.一千零一夜是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。,one of +名词复数+定语从句，定语