专题十二 推理判断,高考英语 (江苏省专用),A组 自主命题江苏卷题组 Passage 1(2017江苏,C)词数:452 A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging antitrust(反垄断) regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. A century ago, the resource in question was oil. Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants(巨头)that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. The most valuable firms are Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft. All look unstoppable. Such situations have led to calls for the tech giants to be broken up. But size alone is not a crime. The giants success has benefited consumers. Few want to live without search engines or a quick de- livery. Far from charging consumers high prices, many of these services are free(users pay,in effect, by handing over yet more data). And the appearance of new-born giants suggests that newcomers can make waves, too. But there is cause for concern. The internet has made data abundant, all-present and far more valu- able, changing the nature of data and competition. Google initially used the data collected from users,五年高考,to target advertising better. But recently it has discovered that data can be turned into new services: translation and visual recognition, to be sold to other companies. Internet companies control of data gives them enormous power. So they have a“Gods eye view”of activities in their own markets and beyond. This nature of data makes the antitrust measures of the past less useful. Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves:in time, one of them would become great again. A rethink is requiredand as a new approach starts to become apparent, two ideas stand out. The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century. When considering a merger(兼并), for example, they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in. They now need to take into account the extent of firms data assets(资产)when assessing the impact of deals. The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat. When this takes place, especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of, the regulators should raise red flags. The second principle is to loosen the control that providers of on-line services have over data and,give more to those who supply them. Companies could be forced to reveal to consumers what infor- mation they hold and how much money they make from it. Governments could order the sharing of certain kinds of data, with users consent. Restarting antitrust for the information age will not be easy. But if governments dont want a data e- conomy controlled by a few giants, they must act soon. 1.Why is there a call to break up giants? A.They have controlled the data market. B.They collect enormous private data. C.They no longer provide free services. D.They dismissed some new-born giants. 2.What does the technological innovation in Paragraph 3 indicate? A.Data giants technology is very expensive. B.Googles idea is popular among data firms. C.Data can strengthen giants controlling position. D.Data can be turned into new services or products.,3.By paying attention to firms data assets, antitrust regulators could . A.kill a new threat B.avoid the size trap C.favour bigger firms D.charge higher prices 4.What is the purpose of loosening the giants control of data? A.Big companies could relieve data security pressure. B.Governments could relieve their financial pressure. C.Consumers could better protect their privacy. D.Small companies could get more opportunities.,答案 语篇解读 本文为说明文,属于社科类文章。文章说明了人们在受益于大数据的同时,还成就 了一些通过数据发财的商业巨头。为了防止这些巨头控制某一领域和市场,政府需要采取行动。 1.A 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句中的“Such situation”可知答案在第一段,第一段暗示出 分化商业巨头的原因是他们控制了数据市场,故答案为A项。 2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句可知答案是C项。 3.B 细节理解题。根据第五段第二、三句可知选B项。 4.D 推理判断题。根据第六段可知,大数据规则的松动可以让小公司获得更多的机会,故选D项。,长难句 原句:A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry, urging an- titrust(反垄断)regulators to step in to check those who control its flow. 分析:本句为复合句。句子主干为A new commodity brings about a highly profitable, fast-growing industry,urging.为现在分词短语作结果状语,其中who引导的是定语从句,先行词是those。 译文:一种新商品促成了一个利润丰厚、增长迅速的行业,这迫使反垄断监管人员介入此事,严 查控制这一商品流动的人。 重点词汇 bring about 导致,引起,Passage 2(2017江苏,B)词数:346,Red-backed fairy wrens(鹪鹩),which live in northern and eastern Australia, lay three or four eggs at a time.,Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distin- guish their mothers voice from that of a female stranger. But When it comes to embryonic learning (胎教), birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk:Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化). New-born chicks can then imitate their moms call within a few days of entering the world.,This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders U- niversity in South Australia, and her colleagu