年12月六级英语考试阅读日常训练试题 Newwineinoldbottles.以下是为大家搜索整理的20XX年12月六级英语考试阅读日常训练试题，希望能给大家带来帮助!更多精彩内容请及时关注我们应届! DefinitionsofObesity A:Howdoesonedefinewhenapersonisconsideredtobeobeseandnotjustsomewhatoverweight?Height-weighttablesgiveanapproximateguidelineastowhetheroneissimplyoverweightorhaspassedintotheobesestage. B:TheWorldHealthOrganizationremendsusingaformulathattakesintoaccountapersonsheightandweight.TheBodyMassIndex(BMI)iscalculatedbydividingthepersonsweightinkilogramsbythesquareoftheirheightinmeters,andisthusgiveninunitsofkg/m2.ABMIof18.5-24.9isconsideredtobethehealthiest.ABMIofbetween25and29.9isconsideredtobeoverweight,whileaBMIofover30isconsideredtobeobese. C:However,itisrecognizedthatthisdefinitionislimitedasitdoesnottakeintoaccountsuchvariablesasage,genderandethnicorigin,thelatterbeingimportantasdifferentethnicgroupshaveverydifferentfatdistributions.Anothershortingisthatitisnotapplicabletocertainverymuscularpeoplesuchasathletesandbodybuilders,whocanalsohaveartificiallyhighBMIs.AgenciessuchastheNationalCholesterolEducationProgram(NCEP)intheUSAandtheInternationalDiabetesFoundation(IDF)arestartingtodefineobesityinadultssimplyintermsofwaistcircumference. HealthEffectsofObesity D:Over2000yearsago,theGreekphysicianHippocrateswrotethatpersonswhoarenaturallyveryfatareapttodieearlierthanthosewhoareslender.Thisobservationremainsverytruetoday.Obesityhasamajorimpactonapersonsphysical,socialandemotionalwell-being.Itincreasestheriskofdevelopingdiabetesmellitustype2(matureonsetdiabetes)andalsomakesType2diabetesmoredifficulttocontrol.Thusweightlossimprovesthelevelsofbloodglucoseandbloodfats,andcesbloodpressure.Theassociationbetweenobesityandcoronaryheartdiseaseisalsowell-known. Cancer E:Furthermore,in2001medicalresearchersestablishedalinkbetweenbeierweightandcertainformsofcancer,andestimatedthatnearly10,000Britonsperyeardevelopcancerasaresultofbeierweight.Thisfigurewasmadeupof5,893womenand3,220men,withthestrongestassociationsbeingwithbreastandcoloncancers.However,itisthoughtthatbeierweightmayalsoincreasetheriskofcancerinthereproductivansforwomenandintheprostateglandformen. F:Thelinkbetweenbreastcancerandnutritionalstatusisthoughttoetothesteroidhormonesoestrogenandprogesterone,whichareproducedbytheovaries,anernawomansmenstrualcycle.Researchershavefoundthatthemoreawomaneats,orthemoresedentaryherlifestyle,thehigheraretheconcentrationsofprogesterone.Thislinkcouldexplainwhywomenfromlessaffluentcountrieshavelowerratesofbreastcancer.Womenfromlessaffluentnationstendtoeatlessfoodandtoleadlifestyleswhichinvolvemoredailymovement.Thislowerstheirprogesteronelevel,resultinginlowerpredispositiontobreastcancer. G:TheTimesnewspaper,in2002reportedthatobesitywasthemainavoidablecauseofcanceramongnon-smokersintheWesternworld! Aging H:ResearchpublishedbyStThomasHospital,London,UKin20XXshowedacorrelationbetweenbodyfatandaging,totheextentthatbeingobeseadded8.8yearstoawomansbiologicalage.Theeffectwasexacerbatedbysmoking,andanon-overweightwomanwhosmokes20cigarettesadayfor20yearsadded7.4yearstotheirbiologicalage.Thebinationofbeingobeseandasmokeraddedatleasttenyearstoawomansbiologicalage,andalthoughthestudyonlyinvolvedwomen,theleadresearcherProfessorTimSpectorbelievesthefindingwouldalsoapplytomen. I:Theagingeffectwasdeterminedbymeasuringthelengthoftelomeres,tinycapsontheendsofchromosomes,whichhelpprotecttheDNAfromtheageingprocess.Indeed,telomereshavebeendubbedthechromosomalclockbecause,asaanismages,theybeeprogressivelyshorter,andcanbeusedtodetermiheageofthanism.Beyondacertainpoint,thetelomerebeessoshortthatitisnolongerabletopreventtheDNAofthechromosomefromfallingapart.Itisbelievedthatexcessbodyfat,andthechemicalspresentintobaccosmokereleasefreeradicalswhichtriggerinflammation.Inflammationcausestheproductionofwhitebloodcellswhichincreasestherateoferosionoftelomeres. Dementia J:Recentresearch(20XX)conductedintheUSAshowsthatobesityinmiddleageislinkedtoanincreasedriskofdementia,withobesepeopleintheir40sbeing74%morelikelytodevelopdementiaparedtothoseofnormalweight.Forthosewhoaremerelyoverweight,thelifetimeriskofdementiariskwas35%higher. K:ScientistsfromtheAgingResearchCentreattheKarolinskaInstituteinSwedenhavebeenabletotakeinformationsuchasage,numberofyearsication,gender,bodymassindex,bloodpressurelevel,physicalactivityandgeicfactors,assigningeachariskscore.Theythenusedthisinformationtodeviseapredictivetestfordementia.Thistestwillenablepeopleatrisk,forthefirsttime,tobeabletoaffectlifestylechangeswhichwillcetheirriskofcontractingdementia. OtherProblems L:Theworld-wideupsurgeinobesity,particularlyinchildren,isofmajoreconomicconcern,liabletodraineconomies.OffurtherconcernisthatresearchconductedinAustraliaandpublishedin20XX,showsthatuptoohirdofbreechpregnancieswereundetectedbythetraditionalpalpationexamination,thedangerbeinggreatestforthosewomenwhoareoverweightorobeseagrowingproportionofmothers.Thismeanstha