Lecture 6,正反译法,Leave me alone. C. 留下我单独。 B. 让我一个人呆在。 A. 别理我；别烦我；你滚开。 The two little diamonds on that ring look greater they really are. B. 那枚戒指上的两小块钻石看上去比它们真的大。 A. 那枚戒指上的两小块钻石看起来比较大，但实际上并没有那么大。,Now, ten years later, she has gained her masters degree from Harvard University and is finally off welfare. 现在经过十年以后，她已获得了哈佛大学的硕士学位，并终于摆脱了政府救济。 现在经过十年以后，她已获得了哈佛大学的硕士学位，并终于不再依靠政府救济。,一、引子,Matties hand was underneath, and Ethan kept his clasp on it a moment longer than necessary. 原译：玛提的手在下，伊桑把它握住，握得比必要的时间长了一会儿。 改译：玛提的手在下，伊桑把它握住，没有立刻松开。,正反译法定义,原文本来是正面表达，译文却从反面着笔；或者，原文用肯定语气的，译文不妨倒过来，采取否定或换反义词加否定语气。另一方面，原文从反面表达，译文却从正面表达，也属于该范畴。,习惯表达方式举例,spy film open case Keep in lane! Keep off the lawn! I couldnt agree more with you.,反谍影片(正说反译） 没有结案的案件 不准换线！（正说反译） 请勿践踏草地！（正说反译） 我完全同意你的看法。（反说正译）,正说反译（英译汉）,I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task. 我的确认为要完成这项任务是他力所不及的 He was absent from his own country last year. 他去年不在自己的国家 Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you ? 你知道她为什么老是不想见你？ Her husband hates to see her stony face. 她丈夫不愿见到她那张毫无表情的脸 It would be most disastrous if even a rumor of it were given out. 甚至只要有一点点风声漏出去，结果就不堪设想,When Stephen was introduced to the old couple, they said simply, “Weve read your article. We expected to meet an older man.” 当史蒂夫被介绍给这对老年夫妇的时候，他们只是淡淡地说：“我们看过你的文章，没想到你这么年轻。”,Often people have bits of the past which they have never told to even their husbands or wives. It takes someone a bit more distanced to coax it out. C. 人们往往有几个过去的秘密，就连自己的丈夫或妻子也从没告诉过。这需要一个更大距离的人来劝说他们把心中的秘密倒出来。 A.人们往往有几个过去的秘密，就连自己的丈夫或妻子也从没告诉过。这需要一个不那么亲近的旁人来劝说他们把心中的秘密倒出来。,正说反译（汉译英）,他一直希望自己能成为老板的助手 The idea that he should become an assistant to his boss has never deserted him. 今天下午学生统统要交作业 Students, with no exception, are to hand in their assignment. 他光着脚走进了房间 He came into the room with no shoes on. 这个小孩现在完全能自己走路了 The child can walk without any help now.,反说正译（英译汉）,Suddenly he heard a sound behind him, and realized he was not alone in the garage. 他突然听见背后有声响，便立即意识到车库里还有别人。 In a little town such things cannot be done without remark. 在小镇上，这类事情总会引起别人的议论。 The thought of returning to his native land never deserted him. 归国的念头始终萦绕在他的心头。（原文是否定的，译文从正面处理，译为肯定句。）,Locals say the ban has sparked debate but there has been little resistance to the ban because smoking is not as much a part of Pakistani culture as drinking. 当地人说这个禁令引发了一场辩论，但是很少有人反对，因为吸烟不像饮酒一样是巴基斯坦文化的一部分。 因为吸烟不像饮酒,还算不上是巴基斯坦文化的一部分。,反说正译（汉译英） 他提前三天到达是我们没想到的 His arrival three days in advance is beyond our expectation. 毋庸置疑，中国的工业在近几十年已取得辉煌的成绩 It is beyond doubt that China has made brilliant achievements in industry in the past few decades. 士兵们发现他们还远远没有作好准备 The soldiers found themselves far from ready to fight. 双方认为，那和平建议是一个他们可以接受而不失体面的建议 Both sides thought that the peace proposal was one they could accept with dignity.,五、视角转换,视角转换定义：按照译语的思维方式或表达习惯重新组织原句的信息，从与原语不同（不包括相反）的角度来表达同样意思。,五、视角转换,Good winner, good loser. 胜不骄，败不馁。 Jackson was quite open. 没有人防守杰克逊。 I wont keep you waiting long. 我一会儿就回来。,五、视角转换,The darkness was thinning, but the street was still dimly lighted. 天渐渐有些亮了，然而街上还亮着暗淡的灯光。 He drove slowly down the hill, his elbows resting on the wheel, his chin cupped in his hands。 他慢慢顺山坡向下开去，两肘支在方向盘上，双手托着下巴。 Old habits die hard. 积习难除。,五、视角转换,He knocked his face on the door and his cheek turned black and blue. 他的脸碰在了门上，因此，他的面颊变得青一块，紫一块。 Ten to one the train will be late. 这趟火车十之八九要晚点。 在美国，人人都能买到枪。 原译：In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. 改译：In the United States, guns are available to everyone.,五、视角转换,你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 原译：You can obtain this information on the Internet. 改译：This information is accessible / available on the Internet. 他突然想到了一个新主意。 原译：Suddenly he had a new idea. / He suddenly thought out a new idea. 改译：A new idea suddenly occurred to / struck him.,六、结束语,正面译不顺，不妨反面着笔，以求尽量发挥翻译技巧灵活多变的特点。翻译之所以成为艺术，就是它本身具有创造性。凡是能体现创造性的技巧，都不可能是墨守成规。所以反译自有其依据。 反译有时是必需的，因为说英、汉语的两个民族的思维逻辑和表达方式不同。同一个概念，一个民族正面说，认为是合乎表达习惯的，而另一个民族则认为反着说或换个角度说才顺口。译者必须全面、深入掌握两种语言，才能自觉地和自如地运用正反译法这一技巧。,否定句,No more than You can no more swim than I can fly. (= Just as I can not fly, you can not swim.) 跟我不能飞行一样，你也不能游泳 注解：在后面的部分，表面上虽然有肯定的形式，但其含义是否定的可译为：“与同样不是”，或 “ 跟一样不能”等更多的例句：,He is no more a god than we are. 他和我们一样都不是神 A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 鲸之非鱼犹马之非鱼也 A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man. 正像没有灵魂的身体不成其为人一样，没有爱家也不成其为家庭 无爱之家，不以为家；灵魂不在，何以为人？,There is no more dependence to be placed on his words than there is on the wind. 其言之不可信赖，也像风之不足信赖一样 It is no more easy to spend money than it is to make money. 正如赚钱不容易一样，花钱也不容易,no less than,这是与no more than相反的一种表现法在no more than 的场合，连词than 前后都是否定，而在no less than 的场合，连词than的前后都是肯定可一译为“与同样是” “跟同样能” 等例： A whale is no less a mammal than a horse is. 和马是哺乳动物一样，鲸也是哺乳动物 He is no less guilty than you. 他和你同样有罪,Not so much as = rather than not so much= without even,His success is not so much by talent as by energy. 他的成功与其说是由于才能不如说是由于努力 The ocean does not so much divide the world as unite