句 子 成 分 分 析,主语(Subject)是全句谈论的中心话题 找出下列句子的主语，并说出由什么词来充当,1. Mr. Chen is a well-known scientist. 2. He works very hard at school 3. To go to a good university is his first goal. 4. Doing morning exercise is good for your health.,_,_,_,_,名词,代词,不定式,V-ing,谓语(Predicate) 是回答主语做什么,怎么了，位于主语后,1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired.,_,_,_,1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或助动词加动词相应形式构成。 （2）由系动词加表语构成。,_,英语中哪些成分可以充当宾语,1. We often help him. 2. He likes to play basketball. 3. We enjoy listening to the music. 4. She said that he felt sick. 5. They are talking about the new student.,_,_,_,_,_,代词,名词,V-ing,从句,注意:位于介词之后的成分也被称之 为宾语.,_,宾语(object)是动作的对象,目标 ;位于及物动词后.,宾语补足语是对宾语进行补充说明 宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语,1. They elected John monitor. 2. We call him Iron Ox. 3. The doctor told me to do more exercise. 4. They made her happy. 5. He is going to have hair cut. 6. They saw a bird flying in the sky.,_,_,_,_,_,_,哪些动词后需接复合宾语的？,ask/ tell/ teach/ help/order sb to do let / make / have sb do,常见的连系动词 be动词 感官动词：feel(摸上去), smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来), look(看起来), seem(似乎是),appear(似乎、显得)等。 持续系动词: remain(依然),keep(保持),stay(保持)等 变化系动词:become(变成), turn(变成), grow(变得), go(变得)，get (变得)等。 终止系动词:prove(证明是),表语位于连系动词之后，与之构成系表结构，说明主语的状态,性质等.,1. I am a teacher. 2. They are on the playground. 3. My job is teaching English. 4. It gets cold. 5. It sounds interesting.,_,_,_,_,_,定语是用来说名名词或代词性质特点的词找出下列句子的定语，并说出由什么词来充当,1. The black bike is mine. 2. She is a chemistry teacher. 3. The man in blue is my brother. 4. The girl playing the piano is my younger sister. 5. The lady who is wearing red dress is our new teacher.,_,_,_,_,_,形容词,介词 短语,V-ing,从句,名词,_,定语说明名词特点,性质; 状语则说明 动词何如何.,1. We often help him. 2. I really dont like the food. 3. He did his homework carefully at home. 4.Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. 5. When I grow up, I am going to be a doctor.,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,频率副词,程度副词,方式副词,介词短语,_,不定式,介词短语,从句,5个基本句型,基本句型1：主谓结构 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。 如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。,如: 1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating. 6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.,1她昨天回家很晚。 2会议将持续两个小时。 3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化 41919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 5每天八时开始上课。 6这个盒子重五公斤。,She went home very late yesterday .,The meeting will last two hours.,Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.,The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.,Classes begin at eight every day.,This box weighs five kilos.,7五年前我住在北京。 8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 10. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。,My grandfather gets up early in the morning.,Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.,In autumn, some birds fly to the south.,I lived in Beijing five years ago.,基本句型2：主谓宾结构,本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。 宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。,如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to give me a present.,巩固练习：,1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了计划。 5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。,I wrote a letter last night.,I want to talk with you this afternoon.,He has read this book many times.,They have carried out the plan successfully.,That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.,6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。 8我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 9. 他不知道说什麽好。 10. 我开窗户你在意吗？,I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.,Jim cannot dress himself.,All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.,He did not know what to say.,Do you mind my opening the window?,巩固练习： 1冬季白天短，夜晚长。 2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少保持安静。 4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。,In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.,At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.,Children seldom keep quiet.,Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.,基本句型:3：主系表结构 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语构成。,5他失业了。 6树叶已经变黄了。 7这个报告听起来很有意思。,He is out of work.,The leaves have turned yellow.,The report sounds interesting,基本句型4 双宾语结构 说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如： He brings me cookies every day. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等； （需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。,巩固练习： 1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3