Cultures,Yemi.H Elementary Business English May 2010 WZVTC,Task 6,Does this picture offend you?,Yemi.H Elementary Business English May 2010 WZVTC,Task 6 Cultures,We all have cultural biases,Everyone has personal biases about diverse cultures that are reflections of ideas & images in society. Skills are needed to understand & respond effectively to differences.,What Is Culture?,Integrated pattern of human behavior including: Thoughts Communication Actions Customs Beliefs Values Institutions 惯例,of a racial, ethnic, or social group,Everyone has a culture,A persons upbringing（教养）, childhood environment or family life may be referred to as his or her culture. One persons cultural experiences, therefore, may be different from another persons cultural experiences, as one familys culture is different from another familys culture.,Levels of culture,National: learned behavioral（动作的） patterns, beliefs, values, and institutions shared by the citizens of a nation. International: cultural traditions that expand beyond cultural boundaries. Subculture: different traditions practiced by groups set within a larger culture. Frequently regionally based. 集体文化、副文化：指与主文化相对应的那些非主流的、局部的文化现象。,Task 6 Cultures,Cross-cultural Values 比较各种文化标准,Freedom Independence Self-reliance Equality Individualism Competition Efficiency Time Directness 直率 Openness,Belonging Group harmony Collectiveness 集体主义 Age/seniority 资历 Group consciousness Cooperation Quality 品质 Patience Indirectness 迂回 Go-between 中间人,Americans,Japanese,Elashmawi & Harris 1993,Task 6 Cultures,LANGUAGE & CULTRE,“Language is a carrier & container of cultural information.” “Language is a special part of culture.” “Language is strongly influenced & shaped by culture, reflecting many features of culture.” “Language & culture interact & interplay 相互作用.”,Yemi.H Elementary Business English May 2010 WZVTC,Task 6 Cultures,“England & America are two countries separated by the same language.”,Attributed to George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950), Irish writer,British English & American English,Sweet,Candy,Flat,Apartment,Cellar,Basement,Timetable,Schedule,Booking office,Ticket office,Autumn,Fall,Torch,Flashlight,Lift,Elevator,Motorway,Highway,Shop,Store,Yemi.H Elementary Business English May 2010 WZVTC,Task 6 Cultures,English & Chinese,温室,乔迁之庆,公开同居,中学,炉子或厨具,耗时又无价值的工作,爱管闲事的人,矮脚衣柜,总统夫人,卫生间,黑子,跑表,Yemi.H Elementary Business English May 2010 WZVTC,Task 6 Cultures,OVERVIEW,Vocabulary-Company cultures,Listening-Cultural mistakes,Reading-Fast food in Japan,Skills-Identifying problems & agreeing action,Case study-A change of culture,Task 6 Cultures,Yemi.H Elementary Business English May 2010 WZVTC,A,Look at the following tips for visiting a different country or doing business there. Use the words from the box to complete the tips.,date clothes hours book customs money cards food sport language,Find out about the most popular _ in the country. Always take _ in US dollars. Find out about the normal working _. Be careful how you write the _. Find out about the most important _ and festivals. Learn how to speak a little of the local _.,Starting up,sport,money,hours,date,customs,language,Task 6 Cultures,Yemi.H Elementary Business English May 2010 WZVTC,7. Read a _ about the history of the country. 8. Eat some of the _ before you go. 9. Wear formal _. 10. Translate your business _ into the local language.,Which of the tips in Exercise A do you think are:,a) very useful? B) useful? c) not useful?,B,C,Which tips are good advice for your country ? Add some others.,It is important to learn how to greet people in their language.,book,food,clothes,cards,A,date clothes hours book customs money cards food sport language,Task 6 Cultures,Yemi.H Elementary Business English May 2010 WZVTC,Company Cultures,Company culture is the distinctive personality of the organization. It determines how members act, how energetically they contribute to teamwork, problem solving, innovation, customer service, productivity, & quality. As we matured from infancy to adulthood, it was our culture, in & outside of the home, that told us how to act. As human beings we are highly skilled at learning from social settings, recognizing almost immediately how we should behave. We know how to fit in, how to do what is needed.,Yemi.H Elementary Business English May 2010 WZVTC,Company cultures, like any other culture, tell members how to behave what to do if you want to understand a companys culture, look at what people do.,Company Cultures,Yemi.H Elementary Business English May 2010 WZVTC,A,Different companies have different cultures and ways of working. Complete these sentences with the words in brackets.,Dress (uniforms / casual Fridays / weekend