高中三年级英语Units 3-4 (B3)【知识网络】一、重点词汇与短语1govern vt. & vi.统治;控制;治理The mayor governed the city very wisely. Self interest governs all his actions.government n.政府，政体，统治；governor总督，省长，主管人员；the governing class统治阶级；the governing body董事会，理事会2 as a consequence (of)作为（的）结果As a consequence of his laziness, he was fired.As a consequence, the bitterest race hatrads broke out in Hungary.类似表达：in (as a) consequence of由于，因;as a result of因3break out(火灾、疾病、战争、暴乱等)突然发生break away from脱离；放弃（习惯等）；打破（陈规）break into破门而入；突然起来break in闯入；打断break up拆散；分裂；分解break down毁掉；垮；身体垮下来break off折断，打断用法注意：break out一般不用于被动语态和进行时。4round up聚拢；征集；搜捕The guide rounded up the tourists and took them back to the coach.The teacher asked for the whole class to be rounded up.5classify vt.编排；分类classify sth. according to/by sth.依据分类classify sb./sth. as归入类；分等级classify sb./sth. in/into把归为类The books in the library are classified by subject.6promote v.使晋升；促进；设立；发起promote sb. to sth.提升，擢升某人promote foreign trade促进对外贸易promote a new product促销新产品7reward n. vt.报答；报酬；给报酬，奖赏ask for reward不图报酬give a reward to sb. for sth.为某事给某人报酬offer a reward of给酬金as a reward for作为对的酬谢reward sb. for sth./doing sth.因报答某人reward sb. with/by用酬谢某人8pass away去世，逝世pass by走过；经过；忽视pass sth. down(常用于被动语态)一代一代传下去pass sth. on(to sb.)将某物传交给（某人）pass through sth.经历（一段时间）二、词义辨析1 respect, honour与regard辨析：respect, honour与regard（1）respect尊敬，正式用语，指对父母、年长者、正直的人、学者、法律等的尊敬或敬重。如：He respects his parents.他尊敬父母。（2）honour尊敬，非常尊敬（respect highly）指对君主、长辈、父母、贵人、德高之人、正直之人、天神等的敬意。如：He was honoured as a man of courage.他被尊为勇者。（3）regard尊敬，指对父母、他人的感情、法律等的尊敬。We all regard our English teacher highly.我们都很尊敬我们的英语老师。2be sure of与be sure to dobe sure of(或that)主语是人，主语感到“有把握，确信”be sure to do主语可以是人或物，表示说话人推测“一定，必然会”。如：He is sure of his success.=He is sure that he will succeed.他确信他会成功。（主语He的信念）He is sure to succeed.他一定会成功。（说话人的意见）It is sure to rain.天准会下雨。三、重点句型1It would be many years until Australia learnt to respect Aborigines and recognise the importance of a diverse society.很多年之后澳大利亚人才开始尊重土著人，并且意识到多样性社会的重要性。It would(will) be +段时间+until+从句是一个句型，表示“过多长时间才”。如：It would be 10 years until he knew the truth十年之后他才得知真相。It will be 10 years until you understand十年后你才会明白。2In area it is approximately the same size as the USA (without Alaska), which, however, has more than fourteen times as many people.从面积上说，它大约同美国（不包括阿拉斯加）相当，而美国的人口却是澳大利亚的十四倍多。As many people 后面省掉了 it has. 注意倍数表达法。如A是B的X倍，可表示如下：A be x times the size/height/lengthof BA be x times as big/high/long as BA be x-1 times bigger/higher/longer than BA be bigger/higher than B by x-1 times3In his youth Charles Darwin enjoyed all the freedom to experiment and do whatever he liked.在年轻时代，查理斯达尔文可以自由地做试验及他喜欢做的任何事。Whatever he liked 引导宾语从句，作do的宾语。四、语法复习1表语（一）表语的定义表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。（二）表语的表现形式表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不式式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。（1）名词Our teacher of English is an American.我们的英语老师是美国人。He is an astronaut.他是一位宇航员。（2）代词Is this yours?这是你的吗？Thats all I want to tell you.我要告诉你的就是这些。（3）形容词The weather has turned cold.天气变冷了。Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.桂林是我到过的最美丽的城市。（4）分词The speech is exciting.这演讲激动人心。The teacher was pleased with my spoken English.老师对我的英语口语很满意。（5）数词Three times seven is twentyone.3乘7等于21。He is always the first to enter the office.他总是第一个进办公室。（6）不定式His job is to teach English.他的工作是教英语。Their plan is to finish the experiment in a week.他们的计划是一周内完成这项实验。（7）动名词His hobby is playing football.他的爱好是踢足球。My wish is studying law in a university.我的愿望是在大学学习法律。（8）介词短语The machine must be out of order.机器一定出毛病了。He is against our plan.他反对我们的计划。（9）副词Time is up. The class is over.时间到了，下课。My father isnt in. He is out.我父亲不在家，他出去了。（10）表语从句The truth is that he has never been abroad.实际情况是他从未出过国。2宾语（一）宾语的定义宾语表示动作的对象或行为的承受者，用在及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词之后。可以作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式（短语）、名词化的形容词、ing分词短语、从句等。（二）宾语的表现形式（1）名词They went to see an exhibition yesterday.他们昨天去看了展览。He is going to buy a dictionary.他打算买本字典。（2）代词The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.那场大雨使我未能准时到校上学。We should learn from him.我们应该向他学习。（3）数词-How many dictionaries do you have?你有几本字典？-I have five.我有5本。（4）名词化的形容词或分词They helped the old with their housework yesterday.他们昨天帮助老年人做家务。We should take the wounded to the hospital immediately.我们应该立刻把伤员送进医院。（5）不定式（短语）He pretended not to see me.他假装没有看见我。She didn?t know what to do next.她不知道下一步做什么。（6）动名词（短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.我喜欢听游行音乐。He practises speaking English every day.他每天练习讲英语。（7）从句I think (that) he is fit for his office.我认为他称职。He asked me whose pronunciation was the best in