高考阅读正确选项和干扰项的特点第一节 正确选项的设置特点一般来说, 阅读理解测试中要求找出主要事实或特定细节的问题, 在文章中均可找到回答。但是, 需要注意的是, 这些问题的表述常常不是采用文章中的原话, 而是根据原文的词或句进行语意转换。一、利用原文词句的同义词句或相似结构，转换表达形式。【考例1】Shrilk has great potential, the inventors said. Materials from which it is made are plentiful in nature, found in everything ranging from shrimp shells, insect bodies to living plants. That makes shrilk low cost, and its mass production possible should it be used for products demanding a lot of material. (2012湖南卷C篇)68. According to the inventors, shrilk has great potential partly because_.A. it can help plastic degrade B. it can be found in living thingsC. its mass production has been realized D.its raw materials are abundant in mature【考例2】 “We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,”Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth” (2010湖南卷C篇)The discovery shows that Westerners _.A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouthB. consider facial expressions universally reliableC. observe the eyes and the mouth in different waysD. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions二、利用原文词句的反义词或相反结构，转换表达形式。【考例3】 Yet despite that, reading is increasingly unpopular among children. According to statistics in 1997 23% said they didnt like reading in all. In2003, 35% did. And around 6% of children leave primary school each year unable to read properly. （2007山东B）Statistics suggested that _.A. the number of top students increased with the use of computersB. a decreasing number of children showed interest in readingC. a minority of primacy school children read properlyD. a huge percentage of children read regularly【考例4】When I put on my flashlights, I was saying to other drivers, “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. instead of getting impatient and angry, they waited, knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak. (2011广东卷A)What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?A. They speed up to pass. B. They waited with patience.C. They tried their best to help. D. They put on their flashlights too.三、通过词性变化，转换表达的形式【考例5】 Zack Hocking, the head of ChildTrust Funds, said: “Its possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation thats financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty.” （2009山东D）According to Hocking, the global economic crisis might make the youngsters .A. wiser in money management B. have access to better equipmentC. confident about their future careers D. get jobs in Child Trust Funds四、使用原文的词句的上下义结构，转换表达形式。【考例6】University applications rose 7% last year, but there were rises above average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with peoples renewed interest in careers in the pubic sector(部门), which are seen as more secure in economic crisis. (2009山东D)Careers in the public sector are more attractive because of their_.A. greater stability B. higher pay C. fewer applications D. better reputation二 阅读理解干扰项的设置特点通过分析干扰项的设置特点可以为我们提供思考的方向。常用的干扰手段有哪些。干扰项的如下特点：(一) 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。【考例1】(2011湖南卷A篇) When first entered, Vanak Restaurant does not look like much of a restaurant, but once the pleasant smells of kabob（烤肉串）hit the senses, you are incapable of calling it anything less. Owned by a local couple, this Persian restaurant has an inviting, homelike atmosphere that Many restaurants lack. The space is small with only a few dining tables and nearly no decoration, but environment is truly charming.56. When first entering the restaurant, one can find that .A. is splendidly decorated B. has pleasant smells of kabobsC. is crowded with dining tables D. looks like a common restaurant【考例2】(2011湖南卷A篇) A common sight is that of old Persian men sitting in the corner talking loudly about world topics, watching news events on TV, drinking a black tea known as Persian chai, and reading local Persian newspapers all the while trying to finish off their plates piled with food.57. What activitys also mentioned apart from dining in the restaurant?A. Watching news events on TV. B. Drinking a kind of black coffee.C. Reading local English newspapers. D. Discussing world topics in low voices.(二) 在推理判断中利用词的表面意义来设置干扰推理判断要求在理解原文表面信息的基础上，做出一定的判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义，要注意不能以文字的表面含义代替推理。【考例1】（2010湖南卷B） But she hasnt always practiced what she teaches. In her book, she describes that awful day, almost 40 years ago, when she received two pieces of life-changing news. First, she had lost the baby she was carrying, and second, tests s