2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语二试题Section I Use of EnglishDirection:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nations cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer placea “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these “single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12 , the approach would create a “walled garden” in cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 , trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs.”Still, the administrations plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drivers license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 . They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1. A sweptB skippedC walkedD ridden2. A forB withinC whileD though3. A carelessB lawlessC pointlessD helpless4. A reasonB reminderC compromiseD proposal5. A informationB interferenceC entertainmentD equivalent6. A byB intoC fromD over7. A linkedB directedC chainedD compared8. A dismissB discoverC createD improve9. A recallB suggestC selectD realize10.A releasedB issuedC distributedD delivered11.A carry onB linger onC set inD log in12.A In vainB In effectC In returnD In contrast13.A trustedB modernizedC thrivingD competing14.A cautionB delightC confidenceD patience15.A onB afterC beyondD across16.A dividedB disappointedC protectedD united17.A frequentlyB incidentallyC occasionallyD eventually18.A skepticismB toleranceC indifferenceD enthusiasm19.A manageableB defendableC vulnerableD invisible20.A invitedB appointedC allowedD forcedSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C, or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2000; a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises. The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for